Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Beat synchronization predicts neural speech encoding and reading readiness in preschoolers.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of rhythmic training for enhancing language and reading skills in children: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study of the Impact of Online Music Training on Pitch and Timbre Perception in Cochlear Implant Users.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2019Trial
- Intrinsic Rhythmicity Predicts Synchronization-Continuation Entrainment Performance.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Music Training Increases Phonological Awareness and Reading Skills in Developmental Dyslexia: A Randomized Control Trial.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Salient features of task-irrelevant continuous speech distort subjective time.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2026Article
- Linking spontaneous speech synchronization and cognitive abilities: evidence from a syllable-timed language.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Rhythmic skills mediate the link between music training and cognition via attention and phonological processing.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Rhythm Processing Across Development: Origins, Links to Language Processing, and Perspectives for Intervention.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- I Got Rhythm and Executive Function, Memory, and More: The Automated Test of Embodied Cognition (ATEC).Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Beta oscillations predict the envelope sharpness in a rhythmic beat sequence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neural Correlates of Rhythm in Post-Stroke Aphasia.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Investigating Hemodynamic Patterns During Beat Processing in Cochlear Implant Users: Insights from a Finger Tapping Study.Auditory perception & cognition · 2025Article
- Beat-based dancing to music has evolutionary foundations in advanced vocal learning.BMC neuroscience · 2024Review
- From Sound to Movement: Mapping the Neural Mechanisms of Auditory-Motor Entrainment and Synchronization.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Keeping time: How musical training may boost cognition.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Rhythm and music for promoting sensorimotor organization in autism: broader implications for outcomes.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2024Article
- Specificity of Motor Contributions to Auditory Statistical Learning.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- Rhythmic Music Training's Effect on Syntactic Structure Processing among Malay Adolescents with Syntactic Specific Language Impairment.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Temporal cues are important for discerning word boundaries and syllable segments in speech; their perception facilitates language acquisition and development. Beat synchronization and neural encoding of speech reflect precision in processing temporal cues and have been linked to reading skills. In poor readers, diminished neural precision may contribute to rhythmic and phonological deficits. Here we establish links between beat synchronization and speech processing in children who have not yet begun to read: preschoolers who can entrain to an external beat have more faithful neural encoding of temporal modulations in speech and score higher on tests of early language skills. In summary, we propose precise neural encoding of temporal modulations as a key mechanism underlying reading acquisition. Because beat synchronization abilities emerge at an early age, these findings may inform strategies for early detection of and intervention for language-based learning disabilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.