ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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45 citing papers in PubMed.
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- A pre-Campanian Ignimbrite techno-cultural shift in the Aurignacian sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita, southern Italy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Stable isotopes show Homo sapiens dispersed into cold steppes ~45,000 years ago at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Review
- The ecology, subsistence and diet of ~45,000-year-old Homo sapiens at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
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- Cultural Dynamics in the Levantine Upper Paleolithic, ca. 40-33 ky BP: Insights Based on Recent Advances in the Study of the Levantine Aurignacian, the Arkov-Divshon, and the Atlitian.Journal of paleolithic archaeology · 2024Article
- How music-induced emotions affect sexual attraction: evolutionary implications.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Neanderthal coexistence withScience advances · 2023Article
- Climate amelioration, abrupt vegetation recovery, and the dispersal ofScience advances · 2023Article
- Genetic continuity, isolation, and gene flow in Stone Age Central and Eastern Europe.Communications biology · 2023Article
- High-resolution ecosystem changes pacing the millennial climate variability at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in NE-Italy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Thermoelasticity of ice explains widespread damage in dripstone caves during glacial periods.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Subsistence of early anatomically modern humans in Europe as evidenced in the Protoaurignacian occupations of Fumane Cave, Italy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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- Thresholds for the presence of glacial megafauna in central Europe during the last 60,000 years.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Aurignacian dynamics in Southeastern Europe based on spatial analysis, sediment geochemistry, raw materials, lithic analysis, and use-wear from Românești-Dumbrăvița.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- The microstructure and the origin of the Venus from Willendorf.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first settlement of Europe by modern humans is thought to have occurred between 50,000 and 40,000 calendar years ago (cal B.P.). In Europe, modern human remains of this time period are scarce and often are not associated with archaeology or originate from old excavations with no contextual information. Hence, the behavior of the first modern humans in Europe is still unknown. Aurignacian assemblages--demonstrably made by modern humans--are commonly used as proxies for the presence of fully behaviorally and anatomically modern humans. The site of Willendorf II (Austria) is well known for its Early Upper Paleolithic horizons, which are among the oldest in Europe. However, their age and attribution to the Aurignacian remain an issue of debate. Here, we show that archaeological horizon 3 (AH 3) consists of faunal remains and Early Aurignacian lithic artifacts. By using stratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, and chronological data, AH 3 is ascribed to the onset of Greenland Interstadial 11, around 43,500 cal B.P., and thus is older than any other Aurignacian assemblage. Furthermore, the AH 3 assemblage overlaps with the latest directly radiocarbon-dated Neanderthal remains, suggesting that Neanderthal and modern human presence overlapped in Europe for some millennia, possibly at rather close geographical range. Most importantly, for the first time to our knowledge, we have a high-resolution environmental context for an Early Aurignacian site in Central Europe, demonstrating an early appearance of behaviorally modern humans in a medium-cold steppe-type environment with some boreal trees along valleys around 43,500 cal B.P.
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