ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2015
Repeated ketamine administration alters N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit gene expression: implication of genetic vulnerability for ketamine abuse and ketamine psychosis in humans.
Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures.eLife · 2024Trial
- Explainable drug side effect prediction in central neural system via biologically informed graph neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ketamine Alters Specific Gene Expression Profiles by Transcriptome-Wide Responses in a Ketamine-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Mouse Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Severe tremors induced by tiletamine e-cigarette and alcohol use: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- [Psychedelic and dissociative agents in psychiatry: challenges in the treatment].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Review
- Non-Opioid Anesthetics Addiction: A Review of Current Situation and Mechanism.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Alterations of neural activity in the prefrontal cortex associated with deficits in working memory performance.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Chronic administration of ketamine induces cognitive deterioration by restraining synaptic signaling.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Binge and Subchronic Exposure to Ketamine Promote Memory Impairments and Damages in the Hippocampus and Peripheral Tissues in Rats: Gallic Acid Protective Effects.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Overlap in the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine abuse and its use as an antidepressant.Behavioural brain research · 2020Review
- 4-MeO-PCP and 3-MeO-PCMo, new dissociative drugs, produce rewarding and reinforcing effects through activation of mesolimbic dopamine pathway and alteration of accumbal CREB, deltaFosB, and BDNF levels.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Redistribution of Monocarboxylate 1 and 4 in Hippocampus and Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Long-term Ketamine Administration.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting-state functional MRI data.Human brain mapping · 2020Article
- Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Rewarding and Therapeutic Effects of Ketamine as a Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- An enzyme-free FRET nanoprobe for ultrasensitive ketamine detection based on ATP-fueled target recycling.RSC advances · 2019Article
- Neonatal exposure to the experimental environment or ketamine can induce long-term learning dysfunction or overmyelination in female but not male rats.Neuroreport · 2019Article
- Ketamine-an update on its clinical uses and abuses.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2014Review
- Repurposing Potential of Ketamine: Opportunities and Challenges.Indian journal of psychological medicineReview
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For more than 40 years following its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anesthetic, ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been used as a tool of psychiatric research. As a psychedelic drug, ketamine induces psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, and mood elevation, which resemble some symptoms of schizophrenia. Recreational use of ketamine has been increasing in recent years. However, little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for ketamine-associated psychosis. Recent animal studies have shown that repeated ketamine administration significantly increases NMDA receptor subunit gene expression, in particular subunit 1 (NR1 or GluN1) levels. This results in neurodegeneration, supporting a potential mechanism where up-regulation of NMDA receptors could produce cognitive deficits in chronic ketamine abuse patients. In other studies, NMDA receptor gene variants are associated with addictive behavior. Here, we focus on the roles of NMDA receptor gene subunits in ketamine abuse and ketamine psychosis and propose that full sequencing of NMDA receptor genes may help explain individual vulnerability to ketamine abuse and ketamine-associated psychosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.