ArticleBMC international health and human rights2014
Disease patterns and clinical outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units of tertiary referral hospitals of Tanzania.
Article in BMC international health and human rights, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With ICU Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Survival and Predictors of Mortality Among Critically Ill Children Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit in a Resource-Limited Setting in Southeastern Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Surge Capacity in Rwandan Trauma Hospitals: A Survey Using the 4S Framework.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Mortality Pattern and Risk Factors in Pediatric ICU: A Retrospective Study at Mukalla Maternal and Childhood Hospital in Yemen (2021-2024).Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- NEED FOR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION, MORTALITY RATE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS USING PAEDIATRIC ADVANCED WARNING SCORE (PAWS) ON ARRIVAL AT HOSPITAL: HOSPITAL BASED PROSPECTIVE STUDY.International journal of science academic research · 2025Article
- Diagnoses and critical care outcomes in a rural Tanzanian high dependency unit: A prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Early mobilisation practices in Windhoek intensive care units: A retrospective review of patient profiles and physiotherapy practice.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2025Article
- Combining quality improvement and critical care training: Evaluating an ICU CPR training programme quality improvement initiative at the National Hospital in Tanzania.BMJ open quality · 2024Article
- Clinical audit of cases and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Admission indications, initial diagnoses, Interventions, and patient outcomes within the sole obstetric high-dependency unit in Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2024Observational
- Characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units in Uganda: a descriptive nationwide multicentre prospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Determinants of Mortality of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Patient related outcome measures · 2024Article
- Variables associated to intensive care unit (ICU)-mortality among patients admitted to surgical intensive care unit in Ethiopia: a retrospective observational study.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Observational
- The magnitude of mortality and its predictors among adult patients admitted to the Intensive care unit in Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Patterns of admission and outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Essential emergency and critical care as a health system response to critical illness and the COVID19 pandemic: what does it cost?Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Pattern of disease and determinants of mortality among ICU patients on mechanical ventilator in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Clinico-epidemiological profile and risk factors of hypertensive crisis among patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Somalia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with the Outcome of a Pediatric Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Resource-Limited Setup: Cross-Sectional Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) services is limited by a variety of factors, including lack of financial resources, lack of available technology and well-trained staff. Tanzania has four main referral hospitals, located in zones so as to serve as tertiary level referral centers. All the referral hospitals have some ICU services, operating at varying levels of equipment and qualified staff. We analyzed and describe the disease patterns and clinical outcomes of patients admitted in ICUs of the tertiary referral hospitals of Tanzania.
methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of ICU patient records, for three years (2009 to 2011) from all tertiary referral hospitals of Tanzania, namely Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Mbeya Referral Hospital (MRH) and Bugando Medical Centre (BMC).
resultsMNH is the largest of the four referral hospitals with 1300 beds, and MRH is the smallest with 480 beds. The ratio of hospital beds to ICU beds is 217:1 at MNH, 54:1 at BMC, 39:1 at KCMC, and 80:1 at MRH. KCMC had no infusion pumps. None of the ICUs had a point-of-care (POC) arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzer. None of the ICUs had an Intensive Care specialist or a nutritionist. A masters-trained critical care nurse was available only at MNH. From 2009-2011, the total number of patients admitted to the four ICUs was 5627, male to female ratio 1.4:1, median age of 34 years. Overall, Trauma (22.2%) was the main disease category followed by infectious disease (19.7%). Intracranial injury (12.5%) was the leading diagnosis in all age groups, while pneumonia (11.7%) was the leading diagnosis in pediatric patients (<18 years). Patients with tetanus (2.4%) had the longest median length ICU stay: 8 (5,13) days. The overall in-ICU mortality rate was 41.4%.
conclusionsThe ICUs in tertiary referral hospitals of Tanzania are severely limited in infrastructure, personnel, and resources, making it difficult or impossible to provide optimum care to critically ill patients and likely contributing to the dauntingly high mortality rates.
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