Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25244647›Full record

ArticleJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2015

T2 Relaxation time quantitation differs between pulse sequences in articular cartilage.

Stephen J Matzat, Emily J McWalter, Feliks Kogan, Weitian Chen, Garry E Gold

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Assessing the Impact of Imaging Parameters on MRI Measurement of Kidney TJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026
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  6. Exercise-Induced Changes in Knee Cartilage In Vivo: Comparing MRI Sequences.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. MRI-based TSkeletal radiology · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Early knee OA definition-what do we know at this stage? An imaging perspective.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2023
    Review
  19. MR relaxation times of agar-based tissue-mimicking phantoms.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2022
    Article
  20. TSkeletal radiology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Stephen J MatzatRadiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Emily J McWalterRadiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Feliks KoganRadiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Weitian ChenMR Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Garry E GoldRadiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

Rapid MRI for Evaluation of OsteoarthritisR01EB002524 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Akshay Chaudhari, Garry E Gold · 2003 to 2026
$10.1M
MRI Methods for Guiding Focused Ultrasound in the BrainP01CA159992 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BUTTS-PAULY, KIM · 2011 to 2015
$8.2M
Advanced MR Imaging of Early OsteoarthritisK24AR062068 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOLD, GARRY E · 2012 to 2022
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS CA159992NCI NIH HHS P01 CA159992NIAMS NIH HHS AR062068NIAMS NIH HHS K24 AR062068NIBIB NIH HHS EB002524NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB002524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo compare T2 relaxation time measurements between MR pulse sequences at 3 Tesla in agar phantoms and in vivo patellar, femoral, and tibial articular cartilage.

methodsT2 relaxation times were quantified in phantoms and knee articular cartilage of eight healthy individuals using a single echo spin echo (SE) as a reference standard and five other pulse sequences: multi-echo SE (MESE), fast SE (2D-FSE), magnetization-prepared spoiled gradient echo (3D-MAPSS), three-dimensional (3D) 3D-FSE with variable refocusing flip angle schedules (3D vfl-FSE), and quantitative double echo steady state (qDESS). Cartilage was manually segmented and average regional T2 relaxation times were obtained for each sequence. A regression analysis was carried out between each sequence and the reference standard, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) was calculated.

resultsPhantom measurements from all sequences demonstrated strong fits (R(2)  > 0.8; P < 0.05). For in vivo cartilage measurements, R(2) values, slope, and RMSE were: MESE: 0.25/0.42/5.0 ms, 2D-FSE: 0.64/1.31/9.3 ms, 3D-MAPSS: 0.51/0.66/3.8 ms, 3D vfl-FSE: 0.30/0.414.2 ms, qDESS: 0.60/0.90/4.6 ms.

conclusion2D-FSE, qDESS, and 3D-MAPSS demonstrated the best fits with SE measurements as well as the greatest dynamic ranges. The 3D-MAPSS, 3D vfl-FSE, and qDESS demonstrated the closest average measurements to SE. Discrepancies in T2 relaxation time quantitation between sequences suggest that care should be taken when comparing results between studies.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedAdultCartilage, ArticularFemaleHumansImage EnhancementImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePhantoms, ImagingReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and Specificitycartilagemagnetic resonance imagingpulse sequenceT2 relaxation time mapping

Identifiers

PMID25244647
PMCPMC4369475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.