Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25244369›Full record

ArticleNutrients2014

An evaluation of the effects of the Australian Food and Health Dialogue targets on the sodium content of bread, breakfast cereals and processed meats.

Helen Trevena, Bruce Neal, Elizabeth Dunford, Jason H Y Wu

Abstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The Effectiveness of Partnerships With Commercial Actors to Improve Food Environments: A Systematic Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. The effectiveness of mandatoryThe British journal of nutrition · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Reformulation of Processed Yogurt and Breakfast Cereals over Time: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Estimating the potential impact of the Australian government's reformulation targets on household sugar purchases.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Contribution of major food companies and their products to household dietary sodium purchases in Australia.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Helen TrevenaThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. htrevena@georgeinstitute.org.au.
Bruce NealThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. bneal@georgeinstitute.org.au.
Elizabeth DunfordThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. edunford@georgeinstitute.org.au.
Jason H Y WuThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. jwu1@georgeinstitute.org.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Australian Food and Health Dialogue set sodium reduction targets for three food categories (breads, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and processed meats) to be achieved by December, 2013. Sodium levels for 1849 relevant packaged foods on the shelves of Australian supermarkets between 2010 and 2013 were examined. Changes in mean sodium content were assessed by linear mixed models, and the significance of differences in the proportion of products meeting targets was determined using chi-squared or McNemar's tests. The mean sodium level of bread products fell from 454 to 415 mg/100 g (9% lower, p < 0.001), and the proportion reaching target rose from 42% to 67% (p < 0.005). The mean sodium content of breakfast cereals also fell substantially from 316 to 237 mg/100 g (25% lower, p < 0.001) over the study period. The decline in mean sodium content of bacon/ham/cured meats from 1215 to 1114 mg/100 g (8% lower, p = 0.001) was smaller, but associated with a rise in the proportion meeting the target from 28% to 47%. Declines in mean sodium content did not appreciably differ between companies that did and did not make public commitments to the targets. These data show that the Australian food industry can reduce salt levels of processed foods and provide a strong case for broadening and strengthening of the Food and Health Dialogue (FHD) process.

Indexed as

DietFast FoodsFood IndustryNutrition PolicyAustraliaBreadBreakfastEdible GrainHumansMeatSodiumSodium Chloride, DietarySodiumSodium Chloride, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID25244369
PMCPMC4179189

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.