Trial reportJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2015
Interleukin-21 responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Trial report in Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended analysis on peripheral blood cytokines correlated with hepatitis B virus viral load in chronically infected patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- MicroRNA-mediated regulation of hepatic metabolism in pregnancy: current understanding and future perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Role of Interleukins in HBV Infection: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Hepatitis B Virus-Specific Cellular Immunity Contributes to the Outcome of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Serum IL-21 levels predict HBeAg decline during rescue therapy in patients with partial response to nucleos(t)ide analogues.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Cytokines and Chemokines in HBV Infection.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Hepatitis B virus persistence in mice reveals IL-21 and IL-33 as regulators of viral clearance.Nature communications · 2017Article
- [A recombinant adenovirus vector carrying murine interleukin-21 gene controls chronic HBV infection in mice].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2017Article
- Identification of the novel 3' UTR sequences of human IL-21 mRNA as potential targets of miRNAs.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- [Research advances in the role of interleukin-21 in chronic hepatitis B virus infection].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2016Review
- HCV Specific IL-21 Producing T Cells but Not IL-17A Producing T Cells Are Associated with HCV Viral Control in HIV/HCV Coinfection.PloS one · 2016Article
- Interleukin-21 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in a Chinese population.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in controlling chronic viral infections. However, little is known about the regulatory role of IL-21 in T cell immunity during the process of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the present study, the levels of serum IL-21 in 77 patients with various degrees of CHB in immune clearance phase (IC), 25 patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in immune tolerance phase (IT), and 25 healthy controls (HC) were measured and their potential association with major clinic indexes was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CHB patients were stimulated with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the presence or absence of anti-IL-21 antibody or recombinant IL-21, and the frequency of HBcAg-specific IL-21(+)CD4(+) and interferon (IFN)-γ(+)CD8(+) T cells was characterized by flow cytometry. Our data indicated that the levels of serum IL-21 were significantly higher in the IC CHB patients than that in the other groups and were positively correlated with the levels of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg in the IC patients. There was a low frequency of HBcAg-specific IL-21(+)CD4(+) T cells in IC CHB patients. Further, IL-21 enhanced HBcAg-specific IFN-γ(+)CD8(+) T cell proliferation, while treatment with anti-IL-21 inhibited antigen-specific IFN-γ(+)CD8(+) T cell expansion in vitro. Our findings imply that IL-21 positively regulates proinflammatory IFN-γ(+)CD8(+) T cell responses during the process of chronic HBV infection in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.