Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25242553›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2014

An engineered Axl 'decoy receptor' effectively silences the Gas6-Axl signaling axis.

Mihalis S Kariolis, Yu Rebecca Miao, Douglas S Jones, Shiven Kapur, Irimpan I Mathews, Amato J Giaccia, Jennifer R Cochran

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05346536 (Liquid Biopsy and Pancreas Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 95 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05346536 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Liquid Biopsy and Pancreas Cancer: Detection of AXL(+) Functional CTCs Using EPIDROP

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, MontpellierRan2022 to 2027Enrolled63ConditionsPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Circulating Tumor CellArmsDetection of circulating tumor cells expressing Axl: CTC-AXL(+)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
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  5. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Targeting AXL Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer in Bone.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. MAGPIE: An interactive tool for visualizing and analyzing protein-ligand interactions.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024
    Article
  16. MERTK Inhibition as a Targeted Novel Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mihalis S KariolisDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Yu Rebecca MiaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Douglas S JonesDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Shiven KapurDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Irimpan I MathewsStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Amato J GiacciaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Jennifer R Cochran1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Stanford University · USStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource · US

Funding

Translational Oncology Research Program (Project-005)P30CA124435 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Melinda L. Telli · 2007 to 2026
$71.4M
TUMOR HYPOXIA--MOLECULAR STUDIES &CLINICAL EXPLOITATIONP01CA067166 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LE, QUYNH-THU XUAN · 1996 to 2017
$25.5M
Graduate Training Program in BiotechnologyT32GM008412 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI COCHRAN, JENNIFER R · 1991 to 2020
$5.5M
HYPOXIA AND GENE REPRESSIONR01CA088480 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GIACCIA, AMATO J. · 2000 to 2009
$3.4M
Hypoxia and Gene RepressionR37CA088480 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GIACCIA, AMATO J. · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
NCI NIH HHS CA-088480NCI NIH HHS CA-67166NCI NIH HHS P01 CA067166NCI NIH HHS P30 CA124435NCI NIH HHS R01 CA088480NCI NIH HHS R37 CA088480NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aberrant signaling through the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase has been associated with a myriad of human diseases, most notably metastatic cancer, identifying Axl and its ligand Gas6 as important therapeutic targets. Using rational and combinatorial approaches, we engineered an Axl 'decoy receptor' that binds Gas6 with high affinity and inhibits its function, offering an alternative approach from drug discovery efforts that directly target Axl. Four mutations within this high-affinity Axl variant caused structural alterations in side chains across the Gas6-Axl binding interface, stabilizing a conformational change on Gas6. When reformatted as an Fc fusion, the engineered decoy receptor bound Gas6 with femtomolar affinity, an 80-fold improvement compared to binding of the wild-type Axl receptor, allowing effective sequestration of Gas6 and specific abrogation of Axl signaling. Moreover, increased Gas6 binding affinity was critical and correlative with the ability of decoy receptors to potently inhibit metastasis and disease progression in vivo.

Indexed as

Genetic EngineeringAnimalsAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBinding SitesDisease ProgressionDose-Response Relationship, DrugGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6HumansImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMiceModels, MolecularMutationNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasms, ExperimentalProtein BindingAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6Immunoglobulin Fc FragmentsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRecombinant Fusion Proteins

Identifiers

PMID25242553
PMCPMC4372605
OpenAlexW2081115093

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.