ArticleNature chemistry2014
Synthetic ion transporters can induce apoptosis by facilitating chloride anion transport into cells.
Article in Nature chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 413 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topological Doping of Charged Bottlebrush Polymers for Efficient Artificial Ion Channels.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- An Artificial Anion Channel Based on Supramolecular Calix[4]Pyrrole and Its Application as an Anti-Cancer Agent.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Article
- A Doubly Caged Bis(salicylamide)-Based Anion Transporter for Phototriggered Breast Cancer Therapy.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Heterocyclic-Fused Squaramides: Anionophores With Antimicrobial Activity.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Triggered Anion Transport Induces Cancer Cell Death.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Chlorination-Enhanced HChemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Article
- Hemi-Indigiosin: A pH and Red-Light Responsive Transmembrane HCl Transporter.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- A bufalin and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-loaded calcium lactate nanomedicine for pyroptosis/apoptosis and synergistic cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Medical and Nonmedical Applications of Synthetic Transmembrane Anion Transporters.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Supramolecular macrocyclic artificial ion channels for biomedical applications.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Molecular prosthetics for CFTR designed for anion selectivity outperform amphotericin B in cultured cystic fibrosis airway epithelia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Resonsive anion transport with a Hamilton receptor-based anionophore controlled by photo-activation and host-guest competitive inhibition.Chemical science · 2025Article
- A Single-Molecule Liposome Assay for Membrane Permeabilization.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Open-Chain Tetrapyrroles Meet Metal Ions in the Functional Molecular Material Science.ChemPlusChem · 2025Article
- Activity Control of a Synthetic Transporter by Photodynamic Modulation of Membrane Mobility and Incorporation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Off-On Photo- and Redox-Triggered Anion Transport Using an Indole-Based Hydrogen Bond Switch.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Review
- Platinum-based metal complexes as chloride transporters that trigger apoptosis.Chemical science · 2024Article
- Chloride Homeostasis Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anion transporters based on small molecules have received attention as therapeutic agents because of their potential to disrupt cellular ion homeostasis. However, a direct correlation between a change in cellular chloride anion concentration and cytotoxicity has not been established for synthetic ion carriers. Here we show that two pyridine diamide-strapped calix[4]pyrroles induce coupled chloride anion and sodium cation transport in both liposomal models and cells, and promote cell death by increasing intracellular chloride and sodium ion concentrations. Removing either ion from the extracellular media or blocking natural sodium channels with amiloride prevents this effect. Cell experiments show that the ion transporters induce the sodium chloride influx, which leads to an increased concentration of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and apoptosis via caspase activation. However, they do not activate the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway associated with the apoptosis-inducing factor. Ion transporters, therefore, represent an attractive approach for regulating cellular processes that are normally controlled tightly by homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.