ArticleNature neuroscience2014
Single rodent mesohabenular axons release glutamate and GABA.
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers.
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Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Design Strategies and Applications in Human-Machine Interaction and Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Mesohabenular glutamatergic regulation of the consequences of uncontrollable stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuroanatomical and behavioral characterization of corticotropin-releasing factor-expressing lateral Habenula neurons in mice.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Neuroanatomical and behavioral characterization of corticotropin releasing factor-expressing lateral Habenula neurons in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain-wide spatiotemporal mapping of glutamate/GABA dual-transmitter neurons during postnatal development in mice.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Drug-induced changes in connectivity to midbrain dopamine cells revealed by rabies monosynaptic tracing.eLife · 2026Article
- N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Acutely Exposed to Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area IJournal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Synaptotagmin isoforms differentially regulate glutamate and GABA release in the lateral habenula.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multimodal characterization of transcriptionally defined ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- VTA-forebrain connectivity moderates adaptive behavior.Brain structure & function · 2026Review
- Preoptic Neural Circuitry for Dramatic and Gentle Thermoregulation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Circuit-specific remodeling of synaptic co-transmission in stress-responsive networks.Animal cells and systems · 2026Review
- Projection-defined ventral tegmental area neurons exhibit fentanyl-induced molecular and functional adaptations that differentially support drug-context associations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- GABA-glutamate corelease is a mechanism for state-dependent neurotransmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecularly defined cellular atlas of the entire mouse brain with isotropic single-cell resolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Medial preoptic CCKAR mediates anxiety and aggression induced by chronic emotional stress in male mice.National science review · 2025Article
- VTA monosynaptic connections by local glutamate and GABA neurons and their distinct roles in behavior.Nature communications · 2025Article
- In Situ Electrically Resettable Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Continuous and Multiplexed Neurotransmitter Detection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Salience Signaling and Stimulus Scaling of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neuron Subtypes.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lateral habenula induces cognitive and affective dysfunctions in mice with neuropathic pain via an indirect pathway to the ventral tegmental area.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in reward, aversion, addiction and depression through descending interactions with several brain structures, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The VTA provides reciprocal inputs to LHb, but their actions are unclear. Here we show that the majority of rat and mouse VTA neurons innervating LHb coexpress markers for both glutamate signaling (vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2) and GABA signaling (glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD, and vesicular GABA transporter; VGaT). A single axon from these mesohabenular neurons coexpresses VGluT2 protein and VGaT protein and, surprisingly, establishes symmetric and asymmetric synapses on LHb neurons. In LHb slices, light activation of mesohabenular fibers expressing channelrhodopsin2 driven by VGluT2 (Slc17a6) or VGaT (Slc32a1) promoters elicits release of both glutamate and GABA onto single LHb neurons. In vivo light activation of mesohabenular terminals inhibits or excites LHb neurons. Our findings reveal an unanticipated type of VTA neuron that cotransmits glutamate and GABA and provides the majority of mesohabenular inputs.
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