ArticleNeuron2014
Orbitofrontal cortex is required for optimal waiting based on decision confidence.
Article in Neuron, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 226 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoded fMRI neurofeedback can induce bidirectional confidence changes within single participants.NeuroImage · 2017Trial
- Towards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Laminar architecture of a decision circuit in the mouse orbitofrontal cortex.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Perceptual training selectively strengthens top-down signaling to sensory cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A corticostriatal circuit updates subjective beliefs about latent task states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neural and computational correlates of strategic aborting and long-run policy optimization in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Addressing degeneracy in rodent studies of cognition.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Prefrontal modulation of striatal engagement: a hierarchical framework for goal-directed behavior.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Regional specialization in prefrontal cortex manifests in the reliability of task progression codes.Neuron · 2026Article
- Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex during Trinary Choices under Risk.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Submedius thalamic inputs shape the presynaptic architecture of layer 5 orbitofrontal cortex in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- The virtue of temperance: a neurobiological perspective.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Response Time as a Proxy for Decision Confidence: Insights From Type-2 ROC Analysis.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex during Trinary Choices under Risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Discovery and shaping of decision strategies using adversarial stimuli in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Confidence judgments are a central example of metacognition-knowledge about one's own cognitive processes. According to this metacognitive view, confidence reports are generated by a second-order monitoring process based on the quality of internal representations about beliefs. Although neural correlates of decision confidence have been recently identified in humans and other animals, it is not well understood whether there are brain areas specifically important for confidence monitoring. To address this issue, we designed a postdecision temporal wagering task in which rats expressed choice confidence by the amount of time they were willing to wait for reward. We found that orbitofrontal cortex inactivation disrupts waiting-based confidence reports without affecting decision accuracy. Furthermore, we show that a normative model can quantitatively account for waiting times based on the computation of decision confidence. These results establish an anatomical locus for a metacognitive report, confidence judgment, distinct from the processes required for perceptual decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.