SynthesisAge and ageing2014
Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS).
Synthesis in Age and ageing, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 9 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 957 papers, 23 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Egg Protein Supplementation for Maintaining Muscle Mass and Function in Older Adults
The Influence of Cognitive Decline on Quality of Life After Coronary Bypass
A Preliminary Study of Prevalence of Sarcopenia Among Elderly Living in Care Facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia
A Model for Delivering Strength Training and Nutrition Education for Older Adults (MoveStrong): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Investigation of the Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Balance, Fear of Falling and Fall Risk in Older Female Patients
ULtrasOund Applicability in the Assessment of Patients With fibRosing Interstitial Lung Disease (LORD): A Research Protocol of a Single Center, Real-life, Prospective Observational Study
The Frequency of Osteosarcopenia in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Factors Affecting the Sarcopenia-osteoporosis Relationship
Dietary Modification Intervention Involving Family Support (FamNUTRI) for Managing Sarcopenic Obesity Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of proprioceptive exercise training on cervical proprioception, kinesiophobia, and pain catastrophizing levels in sarcopenic geriatric individuals residing in nursing homes
Who cites it
957 citing papers in PubMed, 23 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,958 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of sarcopenia in COPD patients using AWGS criteria among Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between sarcopenia and atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese exercises on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Explore the optimal exercise intervention subtype for sarcopenia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of protein-based multinutrient therapy on sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical fitness and body composition in recreationally active females: a systematic review and meta- analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Nordic Walking in people with respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Leucine Supplementation in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Potential effect of Irisin on sarcopenia: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Surface Electromyography in Sarcopenia: Muscles Involved, Signal Processing Techniques, Significant Features, and Artificial Intelligence Approaches.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Sarcopenia as a predictor of poor functional outcome of cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Incremental Hemodialysis: Review of Clinical Trials Focused on Patients Undergoing Once-Weekly Hemodialysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- C-Terminal Agrin Fragment as a Biomarker for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on muscle mass, muscle function, and activities of daily living in individuals with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The association of sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise and nutrition strategies for sarcopenia in older adults: evidence from a network meta-analysis based on EWGSOP and AWGS criteria.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Sarcopenia Biomarkers in Hip Fracture Patients as a Potential Tool in Clinical Evaluation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Sarcopenia interventions in long-term care facilities targeting sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity: A systematic review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: A systematic review with meta-analyses.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise Type on Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
897 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveto examine the clinical evidence reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia and the effect of nutrition and exercise interventions from studies using the consensus definition of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).
methodsPubMed and Dialog databases were searched (January 2000-October 2013) using pre-defined search terms. Prevalence studies and intervention studies investigating muscle mass plus strength or function outcome measures using the EWGSOP definition of sarcopenia, in well-defined populations of adults aged ≥50 years were selected.
resultsprevalence of sarcopenia was, with regional and age-related variations, 1-29% in community-dwelling populations, 14-33% in long-term care populations and 10% in the only acute hospital-care population examined. Moderate quality evidence suggests that exercise interventions improve muscle strength and physical performance. The results of nutrition interventions are equivocal due to the low number of studies and heterogeneous study design. Essential amino acid (EAA) supplements, including ∼2.5 g of leucine, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) supplements, show some effects in improving muscle mass and function parameters. Protein supplements have not shown consistent benefits on muscle mass and function.
conclusionprevalence of sarcopenia is substantial in most geriatric settings. Well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before treatment guidelines can be developed. Physicians should screen for sarcopenia in both community and geriatric settings, with diagnosis based on muscle mass and function. Supervised resistance exercise is recommended for individuals with sarcopenia. EAA (with leucine) and HMB may improve muscle outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.