Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25240937›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2014

Tumor-derived TGF-β and prostaglandin E2 attenuate anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with EGFR inhibitor.

Takumi Kumai, Kensuke Oikawa, Naoko Aoki, Shoji Kimura, Yasuaki Harabuchi, Esteban Celis, Hiroya Kobayashi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. EGFR: New Insights on Its Activation and Mutation in Tumor and Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Current Perspectives on the Immunosuppressive Niche and Role of Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Development of Antitumor Immunity.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2022
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Tumor-released autophagosomes induces CD4Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Recent updates on cancer immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2018
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Takumi Kumai
Kensuke Oikawa
Naoko Aoki
Shoji Kimura
Yasuaki Harabuchi
Esteban Celis
Hiroya Kobayashi
Asahikawa Medical University · JPAugusta University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEGFR-targeted therapy is an attractive option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. We have recently reported the use of EGFR inhibitors as an adjunct treatment to enhance HLA-DR expression in tumor cells to improve cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, we observed that EGFR inhibitors resulted in decreased anti-tumor responses, regardless of upregulation of HLA-DR expression on the tumor cell. In this study, we specifically investigated the mechanisms by which EGFR inhibition modulated anti-tumor responses.

methodsAn EGFR inhibitor erlotinib was used to assess the modulation of anti-tumor responses by tumor antigen-specific helper T cells. We then examined whether administration of the EGFR inhibitor altered tumor cytokine profiles and expression of immune-related molecules on tumor cells.

resultsDespite the augmented HLA-DR expression on a gingival cancer cell line by EGFR inhibition, anti-tumor responses of EGFR reactive helper T cell clones against tumor cells were decreased. EGFR inhibition did not change the expression of CD80, CD86, or PD-L1 on the tumor cells. Conversely, production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and prostaglandin E2 was increased by EGFR inhibition, indicating that these immunosuppressive molecules were involved in diminishing tumor recognition by T cells. Significantly, attenuation of HTL responses against tumors after EGFR inhibition was reversed by the addition of anti-TGF-β antibody or COX2 inhibitors.

conclusionsTargeting TGF-β and prostaglandin E2 may allow for improved outcomes for cancer patients treated with combination immunotherapy and EGFR inhibitors.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorDinoprostoneErbB ReceptorsErlotinib HydrochlorideHead and Neck NeoplasmsHumansTransforming Growth Factor betaDinoprostoneErbB ReceptorsErlotinib HydrochlorideTransforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID25240937
PMCPMC4177691
OpenAlexW2151112992

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.