ArticleBMC public health2014
Implementation of influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in Togo.
Article in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Sub-Saharan Africa during the pre-COVID-19 period (2006-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Prenatal Harmattan exposure and birth size: identifying sensitive windows in pregnancy.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- The first epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance in the Republic of Guinea revealed the predominance of influenza A/H3N2 and B Victoria viruses.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Evaluation of TaqMan Array card (TAC) for the detection of 28 respiratory pathogens.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Viral Etiology, Clinical Features and Antibiotic Use in Children <5 Years of Age in the Gambia Presenting With Influenza-like Illness.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Article
- Circulation of influenza virus from 2009 to 2018 in Cameroon: 10 years of surveillance data.PloS one · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Epidemiology of influenza in West Africa after the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, 2010-2012.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness in the Central African Republic, 2010-2015.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2017Article
- Identifying influenza-like illness presentation from unstructured general practice clinical narrative using a text classifier rule-based expert system versus a clinical expert.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2015Article
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12 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 in 2003 as well as the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 highlighted the need to establish influenza sentinel surveillance in Togo. The Ministry of Health decided to introduce Influenza to the list of diseases with epidemic potential. By April 2010, Togo was actively involved in influenza surveillance. This study aims to describe the implementation of ILI surveillance and results obtained from April 2010 to December 2012.
methodsTwo sites were selected based on their accessibility and affordability to patients, their adequate specimen storage capacity and transportation system. Patients with ILI presenting at sentinel sites were enrolled by trained medical staff based on the World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were collected and they were tested at the National Influenza Reference Laboratory using a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) validated real time RT-PCR protocol. Laboratory results and epidemiological data were reported weekly and shared with all sentinel sites, Ministry of Health, Division of Epidemiology, WHO and CDC/NAMRU-3.
resultsFrom April 2010 to December 2012, a total of 955 samples were collected with 52% of the study population aged between 0 and 4 years. Of the 955 samples, 236 (24.7%) tested positive for influenza viruses; with 136 (14.2%) positive for influenza A and 100 (10.5%) positive for influenza B. The highest influenza positive percentage (30%) was observed in 5-14 years old and patients aged 0-4 and >60 years had the lowest percentage (20%). Clinical symptoms such as cough and rhinorrhea were associated more with ILI patients who were positive for influenza type A than influenza type B. Influenza viruses circulated throughout the year with the positivity rate peaking around the months of January, May and again in October; corresponding respectively to the dry-dusty harmattan season and the long and then the short raining season. The pandemic A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominantly circulating strain in 2010 while influenza B was the predominantly circulating strain in 2011. The seasonal A/H3N2 was observed throughout 2012 year.
conclusionsThis study provides information on influenza epidemiology in the capital city of Togo.
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