SynthesisPloS one2014
Diabetes mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical activity and the risk of cataract and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for wet macular degeneration: a systematic review, with novel insights from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- C2 rs547154 polymorphism and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- The diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted diabetic retinopathy screening in primary care: a prospective validation study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Insights into the modulation of age-related macular degeneration: Molecular and systems-level perspectives.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- The impact of systemic long-term medications for the development of age-related macular degeneration.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Vascular remodeling of macular neovascularization following switch to intravitreal faricimab in neovascular AMD.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Frequency and comorbidities of age-related macular degeneration in KSA: A retrospective multiregional study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Rate of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients Prescribed Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists or Other Weight Loss Therapies.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2026Article
- Age-Specific Increases in the Prevalence and Treatment Burden of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Super-Aged Society.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Minimum set of outcome measures for non-advanced age-related macular degeneration: a Delphi consensus statement by the TRACER (intermediate age-related macular degeneration) study group.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Patients With Geographic Atrophy, a Late Stage of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- NOTCH3 Pathogenic Variant and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings From the Taiwan Biobank and Small Vessel Disease Registry.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Assessment of Vitreous Status in Exudative AMD: Associations with Neovascular Phenotypes, Treatment Burden, and Functional Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Bevacizumab and beyond: investigating the role of combination therapies in the management of retinal diseases.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration among elderly in geriatric homes, East Cairo, Egypt.BMC public health · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe vision loss in elderly people. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder with serious consequences, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main ophthalmic complication. DR and AMD are different diseases and we seek to explore the relationship between diabetes and AMD. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially eligible studies. Studies based on longitudinal cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control associations, reporting evaluation data of diabetes as an independent factor for AMD were included. Reports of relative risks (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratio (ORs), or evaluation data of diabetes as an independent factor for AMD were included. Review Manager and STATA were used for the meta-analysis. Twenty four articles involving 27 study populations were included for meta-analysis. In 7 cohort studies, diabetes was shown to be a risk factor for AMD (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.14). Results of 9 cross-sectional studies revealed consistent association of diabetes with AMD (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45), especially for late AMD (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.44-1.51). Similar association was also detected for AMD (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13-1.49) and late AMD (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.21) in 11 case-control studies. The pooled ORs for risk of neovascular AMD (nAMD) were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.96-1.26), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.44-1.51), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11-1.21) from cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, respectively. No obvious divergence existed among different ethnic groups. Therefore, we find diabetes a risk factor for AMD, stronger for late AMD than earlier stages. However, most of the included studies only adjusted for age and sex; we thus cannot rule out confounding as a potential explanation for the association. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are still warranted to further examine the association.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.