ReviewJournal of neurovirology2015
HIV-1 target cells in the CNS.
Review in Journal of neurovirology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurocognition with maraviroc compared with tenofovir in HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Latent HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Therapeutic Approaches.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Extracellular condensates (ECs) are endogenous modulators of HIV transcription and latency reactivation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Microglia cause HIV-induced transcriptional and metabolic changes in human neural organoids.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Viral Infection and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Molecular Research Insights and Therapies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Lentiviral Vectors: From Wild-Type Viruses to Efficient Multi-Functional Delivery Vectors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex differences in the capacity of minor phytocannabinoids to attenuate nociceptive insults in HIV-1 Tat-expressing mice.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Next-generation sequencing of CCR5, CXCR4, and IFNAR1 variants in relation to HIV-1 disease progression and ART response.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Tat protein alters medial prefrontal cortex neuronal activity and recognition memory.iScience · 2025Article
- SIV infection induces alterations in gene expression and loss of interneurons in Rhesus Macaque frontal cortex during early systemic infection.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- α-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Intersecting epidemics: immune dysregulation associated with HIV and tuberculosis syndemic contribute to increased risk of hypertensive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on gut microbiota: the need for well-designed longitudinal studies.Journal of infection in developing countries · 2024Review
- HIV-induced RSAD2/Viperin supports sustained infection of monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of topological descriptors to predict physicochemical properties of anti-HIV drugs by using supervised machine learning algorithms.BMC chemistry · 2024Article
- Prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites and associated factors in HIV/AIDS patients attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system (CNS) is typically limited by the availability of target cells. HIV-1 variants that are transmitted and dominate the early stages of infection almost exclusively use the CCR5 coreceptor and are well adapted to entering, and thus infecting, cells expressing high CD4 densities similar to those found on CD4+ T cells. While the "immune privileged" CNS is largely devoid of CD4+ T cells, macrophage and microglia are abundant throughout the CNS. These cells likely express CD4 densities that are too low to facilitate efficient entry or allow sustained replication by most HIV-1 isolates. Examination of CNS viral populations reveals that late in disease the CNS of some individuals contains HIV-1 lineages that have evolved the ability to enter cells expressing low levels of CD4 and are well-adapted to entering macrophages. These macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses are able to maintain sustained replication in the CNS for many generations, and their presence is associated with severe neurocognitive impairment. Whether conditions such as pleocytosis are necessary for macrophage-tropic viruses to emerge in the CNS is unknown, and extensive examinations of macrophage-tropic variants have not revealed a genetic signature of this phenotype. It is clear, however, that macrophage tropism is rare among HIV-1 isolates and is not transmitted, but is important due to its pathogenic effects on hosts. Prior to the evolution of macrophage-tropic variants, the viruses that are predominately infecting T cells (R5 T cell-tropic) may infect macrophages at a low level and inefficiently, but this could contribute to the reservoir.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.