ReviewTrends in neurosciences2014
Drowning stars: reassessing the role of astrocytes in brain edema.
Review in Trends in neurosciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep, cerebrospinal fluid, and the glymphatic system: A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Interplay Among Synaptic Glutamate Release and Excitotoxicity: Neuronal Damage and Graphene-Based Materials Related Protection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Perceiving traumatic brain injury from glymphatic system.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Age-related Vascular Alterations in the Choroid Plexus: Novel Insights from Pathophysiology and Imaging Studies.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Perivascular cerebrospinal fluid inflow matches interstitial fluid efflux in anesthetized rats.iScience · 2025Article
- Sedation Vacations in Neurocritical Care: Friend or Foe?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alterations in brain fluid physiology during the early stages of development of ischaemic oedema.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Post-mortem changes of anisotropic mechanical properties in the porcine brain assessed by MR elastography.Brain multiphysics · 2024Article
- Salidroside ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury and regulates the glutamate metabolism pathway in astrocytes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: connections with terrestrial eye and brain disorders.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic approaches to CNS diseases via the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic system: prospects and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Inhibition of HMGB1 Attenuates Spinal Cord Edema by Reducing the Expression of NaJournal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Effects of Ischemic Stroke on Interstitial Fluid Clearance in Mouse Brain: a Bead Study.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology, Management, and Therapeutics in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: An Overview.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2023Review
- Human brain solute transport quantified by glymphatic MRI-informed biophysics during sleep and sleep deprivation.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms in aquaporin-4 associate with cognitive impairment status in people with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Edema formation frequently complicates brain infarction, tumors, and trauma. Despite the significant mortality of this condition, current treatment options are often ineffective or incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed the existence of a brain-wide paravascular pathway for cerebrospinal (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) exchange. The current review critically examines the contribution of this 'glymphatic' system to the main types of brain edema. We propose that in cytotoxic edema, energy depletion enhances glymphatic CSF influx, whilst suppressing ISF efflux. We also argue that paravascular inflammation or 'paravasculitis' plays a critical role in vasogenic edema. Finally, recent advances in diagnostic imaging of glymphatic function may hold the key to defining the edema profile of individual patients, and thus enable more targeted therapy.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.