ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Eosinophil-associated processes underlie differences in clinical presentation of loiasis between temporary residents and those indigenous to Loa-endemic areas.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00001230 (Host Response to Infection and Treatment in the Filarial Diseases of Humans), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Host Response to Infection and Treatment in the Filarial Diseases of Humans
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of albendazole 400 mg for 30 days compared to single dose of ivermectin in adult patients with low Loa loa microfilaremia: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Trial
- The impact of Loa loa microfilaraemia on research subject retention during a whole sporozoite malaria vaccine trial in Equatorial Guinea.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022Trial
- A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Pilot Study of Single-dose Humanized Anti-IL5 Antibody (Reslizumab) for the Reduction of Eosinophilia Following Diethylcarbamazine Treatment of Loa loa Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Helminths on Granulocyte Activation: A Cluster-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Posttreatment Reactions After Single-Dose Diethylcarbamazine or Ivermectin in Subjects With Loa loa Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- The emerging roles of eosinophils in immune regulation in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Major basic protein and eosinophil peroxidase support microfilariae motility inhibition by eosinophil ETosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Imported Loiasis at a Clinical Reference Center in Germany: A Retrospective Case Series.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Eosinophils, basophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic Loa loa infection and its treatment in an endemic setting.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Repeated sensitization of mice with microfilariae of Litomosoides sigmodontis induces pulmonary eosinophilia in an IL-33-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Case 17-2023: A 58-Year-Old Woman with Fatigue, Abdominal Bloating, and Eosinophilia.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Cases of Loiasis Among a Congolese Family: Screening for Loiasis Among Newly Arrived Refugees From Endemic Areas.The journal for nurse practitioners : JNP · 2023Article
- Distinct loiasis infection states and associated clinical and hematological manifestations in patients from Gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Human FilariaResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Eosinophils and helminth infection: protective or pathogenic?Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Infection-associated Immune Perturbations Resolve 1 Year Following Treatment for Loa loa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Comparison of immune responses to Loa loa stage-specific antigen extracts in Loa loa-exposed BALB/c mice upon clearance of infection.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Imported loiasis in France: a retrospective analysis of 167 cases with comparison between sub-Saharan and non sub-Saharan African patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLoa loa has emerged as an important public health problem due to the occurrence of immune-mediated severe posttreatment reactions following ivermectin distribution. Also thought to be immune-mediated are the dramatic differences seen in clinical presentation between infected temporary residents (TR) and individuals native to endemic regions (END).
methodsAll patients diagnosed with loiasis at the National Institutes of Health between 1976 and 2012 were included. Patients enrolled in the study underwent a baseline clinical and laboratory evaluation and had serum collected and stored. Stored pretreatment serum was used to measure filaria-specific antibody responses, eosinophil-related cytokines, and eosinophil granule proteins.
resultsLoa loa infection in TR was characterized by the presence of Calabar swelling (in 82% of subjects), markedly elevated eosinophil counts, and increased filaria-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; these findings were thought to reflect an unmodulated immune response. In contrast, END showed strong evidence for immune tolerance to the parasite, with high levels of circulating microfilariae, few clinical symptoms, and diminished filaria-specific IgG. The striking elevation in eosinophil counts among the TR group was accompanied by increased eosinophil granule protein levels (associated with eosinophil activation and degranulation) as well as elevated levels of eosinophil-associated cytokines.
conclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that differing eosinophil-associated responses to the parasite may be responsible for the marked differences in clinical presentations between TR and END populations with loiasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.