Trial reportOphthalmology2014
A randomized trial comparing part-time patching with observation for children 3 to 10 years of age with intermittent exotropia.
Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Observation Versus Occlusion Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Part-time Patching Therapy on Improvement of Deviation Control in 3 to 8 Year-old Children With Intermittent Exotropia
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Non-surgical therapy for intermittent exotropia: a systematic review and network analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Esotropia and Exotropia Preferred Practice Pattern®.Ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Interventions for intermittent exotropia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Virtual Reality-Based Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Improved control of intermittent exotropia with part-time patching.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2023Trial
- Comparison of alternate part-time patching and pencil push-up training for patients with intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- The influence of alternate part-time patching on control of intermittent exotropia: a randomized clinical trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Trial
- Three-Year Observation of Children 3 to 10 Years of Age with Untreated Intermittent Exotropia.Ophthalmology · 2019Trial
- Relationship among clinical factors in childhood intermittent exotropia.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2017Trial
- A Randomized Trial Evaluating Short-term Effectiveness of Overminus Lenses in Children 3 to 6 Years of Age with Intermittent Exotropia.Ophthalmology · 2016Trial
- A Randomized Trial Comparing Part-time Patching with Observation for Intermittent Exotropia in Children 12 to 35 Months of Age.Ophthalmology · 2015Trial
- Factors influencing the success of patch therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: a retrospective case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Intermittent Exotropia: A Real-World Longitudinal Cohort Study of 415 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Reading ability in children with intermittent exotropia and its association with binocular visual function and visual information processing capability.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- Quantitative interocular suppression in children with intermittent exotropia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Management of Intermittent exotropia in childhood: current concepts of the literature and the experts.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2022Article
- Health-related quality of life in children with untreated intermittent exotropia and their parents.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effectiveness of prescribed part-time patching for treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT) in children.
designMulticenter, randomized clinical trial.
participantsThree hundred fifty-eight children 3 to <11 years of age with previously untreated (except for refractive correction) IXT and near stereoacuity of 400 seconds of arc or better were enrolled. Intermittent exotropia met the following criteria: (1) IXT at distance OR constant exotropia at distance and either IXT or exophoria at near; (2) exodeviation (tropia or phoria) of at least 15 prism diopters (PD) at distance or near by prism and alternate cover test (PACT); and (3) exodeviation of at least 10 PD at distance by PACT.
methodsParticipants were assigned randomly either to observation (no treatment for 6 months) or to patching for 3 hours daily for 5 months, with a 1-month washout period of no patching before the 6-month primary outcome examination.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was deterioration at either the 3-month or the 6-month follow-up visit, defined as: (1) constant exotropia measuring at least 10 PD at distance and near by simultaneous prism and cover test, and/or (2) near stereoacuity decreased by at least 2 octaves from baseline, both assessed by a masked examiner and confirmed by a retest. Participants who were prescribed any nonrandomized treatment without first meeting either deterioration criteria also were counted as having deteriorated.
resultsOf the 324 participants (91%) completing the 6-month primary outcome examination, deterioration occurred in 10 of the 165 participants (6.1%) in the observation group (3 of these 10 started treatment without meeting deterioration criteria) and in 1 of the 159 participants (0.6%) in the part-time patching group (difference, 5.4%; lower limit of 1-sided exact 95% confidence interval, 2.0%; P = 0.004, 1-sided hypothesis test).
conclusionsDeterioration of previously untreated childhood IXT over a 6-month period is uncommon with or without patching treatment. Although there is a slightly lower deterioration rate with patching, both management approaches are reasonable for treating children 3 to 10 years of age with IXT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.