ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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32 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical El TorMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Strain-dependentFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary selection of trimethoprim-resistantScience advances · 2025Article
- Variations in the Antivirulence Effects of Fatty Acids and Virstatin againstJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Emergence of multidrug resistant, ctx negative seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor sequence type (ST) 69 in coastal water of Kerala, India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Expression of Cholera Toxin (CT) and the Toxin Co-Regulated Pilus (TCP) by Variants of ToxT inToxins · 2023Article
- A Cholera Case Imported from Bangladesh to Italy: Clinico-Epidemiological Management and Molecular Characterization in a Non-Endemic Country.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Advances in cholera research: from molecular biology to public health initiatives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Review
- Outbreak of cholera in a remote village in western India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Genomic Characteristics of Recently Recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lineages Associated with Cholera in Bangladesh, 1991 to 2017.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- L-arabinose induces the formation of viable non-proliferating spheroplasts inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- VicPred: AFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Transcriptional Silencing by TsrA in the Evolution of Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae Biotypes.mBio · 2020Article
- Cholera Toxin Production inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Genomic insights into Vibrio cholerae O1 responsible for cholera epidemics in Tanzania between 1993 and 2017.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- The TLCΦ satellite phage harbors a Xer recombination activation factor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Utilization of Small RNA Genes to DistinguishThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Surveillance and Genomics of ToxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Comparative analyses of CTX prophage region of Vibrio cholerae seventh pandemic wave 1 strains isolated in Asia.Microbiology and immunology · 2018Article
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13 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pandemic V. cholerae strains in the O1 serogroup have 2 biotypes: classical and El Tor. The classical biotype strains of the sixth pandemic, which encode the classical type cholera toxin (CT), have been replaced by El Tor biotype strains of the seventh pandemic. The prototype El Tor strains that produce biotype-specific cholera toxin are being replaced by atypical El Tor variants that harbor classical cholera toxin. Atypical El Tor strains are categorized into 2 groups, Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains, based on genomic variations and the CTX phage that they harbor. Whole-genome analysis of V. cholerae strains in the seventh cholera pandemic has demonstrated gradual changes in the genome of prototype and atypical El Tor strains, indicating that atypical strains arose from the prototype strains by replacing the CTX phages. We examined the molecular mechanisms that effected the emergence of El Tor strains with classical cholera toxin-carrying phage. We isolated an intermediary V. cholerae strain that carried two different CTX phages that encode El Tor and classical cholera toxin, respectively. We show here that the intermediary strain can be converted into various Wave 2 strains and can act as the source of the novel mosaic CTX phages. These results imply that the Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains may have been generated from such intermediary strains in nature. Prototype El Tor strains can become Wave 3 strains by excision of CTX-1 and re-equipping with the new CTX phages. Our data suggest that inter-chromosomal recombination between 2 types of CTX phages is possible when a host bacterial cell is infected by multiple CTX phages. Our study also provides molecular insights into population changes in V. cholerae in the absence of significant changes to the genome but by replacement of the CTX prophage that they harbor.
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