ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2014
Smoking increases the risk of extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Association of extraintestinal manifestations and disease severity in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre cohort study.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Observational
- Acute idiopathic pancreatitis is associated with more aggressive disease course in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- A United States expert consensus to standardise definitions, follow-up, and treatment targets for extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Pediatric Patient With Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Bronchiectasis.ACG case reports journal · 2020Article
- Adalimumab Reduces Extraintestinal Manifestations in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 11 Clinical Studies.Advances in therapy · 2018Article
- Article
- Observational
- Risk factors for postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease with emphasis on surgical predictors.Annals of gastroenterology · 2017Review
- Original Research: Extract of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam inhibits cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary and intestinal inflammation.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Article
- Care of inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission.Gastroenterology report · 2016Review
- Preventative Care in the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Is New?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2016Review
- Smoking is Associated With Extra-intestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2016Article
- Influence of environmental factors on the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Multiple Enteroenteric Fistulas- Crohn's Disease- A Case Report.Iranian journal of public health · 2015Article
- The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Development of Inflammation in Lungs, Gut and Joints of TNFΔARE Mice.PloS one · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo demonstrate a high prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in a prospective population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at first diagnosis as well as during the early course of the disease.
methodsEIMs are common in patients with IBD. Data on the frequency of EIMs have mostly been assessed in patients from tertiary centers; however, data about the prevalence of EIMs at first diagnosis as well as factors influencing their incidence during the early course of disease from prospective population-based cohorts are scarce. We present data of patients of our population-based "Oberpfalz cohort" (Bavaria, Germany) from first diagnosis (up to 3 mo after first diagnosis) as well as during the early course of the disease. Possible risk factors were assessed by calculating the relative risk (RR) as well as using logistic regression analysis.
resultsIn total, data of 257 newly diagnosed patients with IBD were evaluated [161 Crohn's disease (CD), 96 ulcerative colitis (UC)]. Median duration of follow-up was 50 mo after first diagnosis. In 63.4% of all patients (n = 163), an EIM was diagnosed at any point during the observation period. At first diagnosis, patients with CD had a significantly increased risk of an EIM [n = 69 (42.9%)] compared with UC patients [n = 21 (21.9%); P < 0.001; RR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.30-2.98]. Active smoking increased the risk of CD patients developing an EIM during the early course of the disease, but notably not of UC patients (P = 0.046; RR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.01-3.79). In addition, using logistic regression analysis, the need for IBD-related surgery and a young age at first diagnosis were identified as risk factors for the development of an EIM in CD patients. No association with EIMs was found for the factors sex, localization of the disease and positive family history of IBD. In contrast, no key factors which increased the risk of development of an EIM could be identified in UC patients.
conclusionWe found a high prevalence of EIM in this cohort at first diagnosis and during the early course of the disease. In patients with CD, smoking, need for surgery and younger age at first diagnosis were risk factors for the development of an EIM.
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