Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014
Two distinct interneuron circuits in human motor cortex are linked to different subsets of physiological and behavioral plasticity.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) to Modulate Lower Limb Corticomotor Excitability: Implications for Stimulation Parameter Selection and Experimental Design.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- Cortical excitability and analgesic effects of multisite transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the motor cortex and cerebellum in fibromyalgia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Fluoxetine does not influence response to continuous theta burst stimulation in human motor cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Trial
- Long-Term Application of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Improve Motor Learning in Parkinson's Disease.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Changes in corticospinal drive to spinal motoneurones following tablet-based practice of manual dexterity.Physiological reports · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Augmenting LTP-Like Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex by Spaced Paired Associative Stimulation.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Motor cortical excitability and inhibition are differentially modulated by aerobic exercise intensity.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Modulation of primary motor cortex after experimentally induced and use-dependent plasticity in young and older adults.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation by repetitive paired-pulse TMS at late I-wave intervals in older adults.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Stimulation Parameters Recruit Distinct Cortico-Cortical Pathways: Insights from Microstate Analysis on TMS-Evoked Potentials.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cerebellar Brain Inhibition as a Function of TMS Coil Orientation.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Measuring the nonselective effects of motor inhibition using isometric force recordings.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Fluctuation of fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle in women.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interhemispheric imbalance and bradykinesia features in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Repetitive paired-pulse TMS increases motor cortex excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Changes in Corticospinal Excitability and Motor Control During Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Individuals.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Article
- Effect of current direction and muscle activation on motor cortex neuroplasticity induced by repetitive paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2023Article
- A Single Application of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Fails to Enhance Motor Skill Acquisition in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Modulation of dorsal premotor cortex differentially influences I-wave excitability in primary motor cortex of young and older adults.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
How does a single brain region participate in multiple behaviors? Here we argue that two separate interneuron circuits in the primary motor cortex (M1) contribute differently to two varieties of physiological and behavioral plasticity. To test this in human brain noninvasively, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1 hand area to activate two independent sets of synaptic inputs to corticospinal neurons by changing the direction of current induced in the brain: posterior-to-anterior current (PA inputs) and anterior-to-posterior current (AP inputs). We demonstrate that excitability changes produced by repetitive activation of AP inputs depend on cerebellar activity and selectively alter model-based motor learning. In contrast, the changes observed with repetitive stimulation of PA inputs are independent of cerebellar activity and specifically modulate model-free motor learning. The findings are highly suggestive that separate circuits in M1 subserve different forms of motor learning.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.