SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2014
Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus testing for presence of cervical HPV: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of the QHPV Among Kenyan HIV Infected Girls and Boys 9 Years Post Vaccination
Clinical Evaluation Study of Urine hrHPV Detection for the Diagnosis of Presence of Cervical HPV and Correlation of Cervical Lesions
Spectroscopy and Artificial Intelligence to Disrupt the Status Quo in Cervical Cancer
Primary Cervical Cancer Screening by Self-sampling HPV Test
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Accuracy of real-time PCR assays for human papillomavirus using urine samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy of human papillomavirus tests on self-collected urine versus clinician-collected samples for the detection of cervical precancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnostic Test Accuracy of First-Void Urine Human Papillomaviruses for Presence Cervical HPV in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of human papillomavirus and subtype distribution in male partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus infections during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a Scandinavian prospective mother-child cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- A Randomized Comparison of Different Vaginal Self-sampling Devices and Urine for Human Papillomavirus Testing-Predictors 5.1.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Trial
- Urine sample for HPV detection in men: is it a valid and non-invasive diagnostic alternative?Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Agreement and Diagnostic Performance of Urinary HPV Testing Versus Clinician-Collected Cervico-Vaginal Sampling: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Romanian Cohort.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of urine-based versus cervical swab human papillomavirus testing among women in a high-burden region in Northeastern, India: A prospective cross-sectional study.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Quality and Suitability of Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Samples for Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Prospective Matched Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Towards Global HPV Eradication: Single-Dose HPV Vaccination vs. Pseudoscience.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
- Performance of a novel, urine-based test for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- A United States study of self-collected urine vs clinician-collected cervical sample for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse detection: Cross-sectional agreement and diagnostic accuracy study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Urinary detection of high-risk HPV DNA to enhance cervical cancer screening in developing countries.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- High-risk human papillomavirus testing in first-void urine as a novel and non-invasive cervical cancer screening modality-a Danish diagnostic test accuracy study.BMC medicine · 2025Observational
- Improving cervical cancer screening participation by introducing HPV vaginal self-sampling to women living with HIV in Denmark- a pilot study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- HPV Self-Sampling Promotion Among African American (AA) and Sub-Saharan African (SAI) Immigrant Women: Adaptation and Usability Testing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the accuracy of testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in urine in detecting cervical HPV in sexually active women.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Searches of electronic databases from inception until December 2013, checks of reference lists, manual searches of recent issues of relevant journals, and contact with experts. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Test accuracy studies in sexually active women that compared detection of urine HPV DNA with detection of cervical HPV DNA. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data relating to patient characteristics, study context, risk of bias, and test accuracy. 2 × 2 tables were constructed and synthesised by bivariate mixed effects meta-analysis.
results16 articles reporting on 14 studies (1443 women) were eligible for meta-analysis. Most used commercial polymerase chain reaction methods on first void urine samples. Urine detection of any HPV had a pooled sensitivity of 87% (95% confidence interval 78% to 92%) and specificity of 94% (95% confidence interval 82% to 98%). Urine detection of high risk HPV had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (68% to 84%) and specificity of 88% (58% to 97%). Urine detection of HPV 16 and 18 had a pooled sensitivity of 73% (56% to 86%) and specificity of 98% (91% to 100%). Metaregression revealed an increase in sensitivity when urine samples were collected as first void compared with random or midstream (P=0.004). LIMITATIONS: The major limitations of this review are the lack of a strictly uniform method for the detection of HPV in urine and the variation in accuracy between individual studies.
conclusionsTesting urine for HPV seems to have good accuracy for the detection of cervical HPV, and testing first void urine samples is more accurate than random or midstream sampling. When cervical HPV detection is considered difficult in particular subgroups, urine testing should be regarded as an acceptable alternative.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.