Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25230005›Full record

ArticleNature communications2014

Carbon nanotubes as in vivo bacterial probes.

Neelkanth M Bardhan, Debadyuti Ghosh, Angela M Belcher

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Real-TimeACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. High-Throughput Approaches to Engineer Fluorescent Nanosensors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Neelkanth M Bardhan1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Debadyuti Ghosh1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3] Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, PHR 5.218B, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Angela M Belcher1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3] Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · US

Funding

TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH siRNA DELVIERED BY NANOPARTICLESU54CA119349 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BELCHER, ANGELA M. · 2005 to 2009
$20.5M
The Development of Clinical Grade, Targeted Magnetic NanoparticlesU54CA151884 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LANGER, ROBERT SAMUEL · 2010 to 2014
$11.3M
NCI NIH HHS 5-U54-CA151884-03NCI NIH HHS U54 CA119349NCI NIH HHS U54 CA151884
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rise in antibiotic-resistant infections, non-invasive sensing of infectious diseases is increasingly important. Optical imaging, although safer and simpler, is less developed than other modalities such as radioimaging, due to low availability of target-specific molecular probes. Here we report carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as bacterial probes for fluorescence imaging of pathogenic infections. We demonstrate that SWNTs functionalized using M13 bacteriophage (M13-SWNT) can distinguish between F'-positive and F'-negative bacterial strains. Moreover, through one-step modification, we attach an anti-bacterial antibody on M13-SWNT, making it easily tunable for sensing specific F'-negative bacteria. We illustrate detection of Staphylococcus aureus intramuscular infections, with ~3.4 × enhancement in fluorescence intensity over background. SWNT imaging presents lower signal spread ~0.08 × and higher signal amplification ~1.4 × , compared with conventional dyes. We show the probe offers greater ~5.7 × enhancement in imaging of S. aureus infective endocarditis. These biologically functionalized, aqueous-dispersed, actively targeted, modularly tunable SWNT probes offer new avenues for exploration of deeply buried infections.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesAnimalsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, BacterialEndocarditis, BacterialEscherichia coliFemaleGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHumansMiceMice, NudeMicroscopy, FluorescenceMolecular ProbesNanotubes, CarbonPhantoms, ImagingGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMolecular ProbesNanotubes, Carbon

Identifiers

PMID25230005
PMCPMC4349414
OpenAlexW2086984478

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.