ArticlePloS one2014
Bachelors, divorcees, and widowers: does marriage protect men from type 2 diabetes?
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Marital status and risk of type 2 diabetes among middle-aged and elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The role of spousal support for dietary adherence among type 2 diabetes patients: a narrative review.Social work in health care · 2019Pooled it
- Male infertility and risk of cardiometabolic conditions: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Health Determinants of Adipose Tissue Distribution in a Local Community from Eastern Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Associations of Stressful Life Events With Diabetes Incidence in China: Insights From the China Kadoorie Biobank.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- The incidence and influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults in 10 provinces: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Partnership and marriage and risk of type 2 diabetes: a narrative review.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Relationship satisfaction and metabolic health parameters: a cross-sectional study in Burkinabe population of older adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Correlates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in India: Change as evidenced from NFHS- 4 and 5 during 2015-2021.PloS one · 2024Article
- Self-Management of Diabetes and Associated Factors among Patients Seeking Chronic Care in Tshwane, South Africa: A Facility-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Cardiometabolic Risk in Asian Americans by Social Determinants of Health: Serial Cross-sectional Analyses of the NHIS, 1999-2003 to 2014-2018.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- How sweet is your love? Disentangling the role of marital status and quality on average glycemic levels among adults 50 years and older in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Diabetes Screening in Oman.Oman medical journal · 2022Article
- Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2022Article
- Exploring the risk factors of impaired fasting glucose in middle-aged population living in South Korean communities by using categorical boosting machine.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Effect of Spousal Loss on Depression in Older Adults: Impacts of Time Passing, Living Arrangement, and Spouse's Health Status before Death.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Effects of divorce and widowhood on subsequent health behaviours and outcomes in a sample of middle-aged and older Australian adults.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008-2011.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and "Normal-Weight Obesity".Journal of obesity · 2020Article
- Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature.International journal of general medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While research has suggested that being married may confer a health advantage, few studies to date have investigated the role of marital status in the development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether men who are not married have increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Men (n = 41,378) who were free of T2D in 1986, were followed for ≤22 years with biennial reports of T2D, marital status and covariates. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare risk of incident T2D by marital status (married vs unmarried and married vs never married, divorced/separated, or widowed). There were 2,952 cases of incident T2D. Compared to married men, unmarried men had a 16% higher risk of developing T2D (95%CI:1.04,1.30), adjusting for age, family history of diabetes, ethnicity, lifestyle and body mass index (BMI). Relative risks (RR) for developing T2D differed for divorced/separated (1.09 [95%CI: 0.94,1.27]), widowed (1.29 [95%CI:1.06,1.57]), and never married (1.17 [95%CI:0.91,1.52]) after adjusting for age, family history of diabetes and ethnicity. Adjusting for lifestyle and BMI, the RR for T2D associated with widowhood was no longer significant (RR:1.16 [95%CI:0.95,1.41]). When allowing for a 2-year lag period between marital status and disease, RRs of T2D for widowers were augmented and borderline significant (RR:1.24 [95%CI:1.00,1.54]) after full adjustment. In conclusion, not being married, and more specifically, widowhood was more consistently associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men and this may be mediated, in part, through unfavorable changes in lifestyle, diet and adiposity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.