ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2015
Expression of Nodal, Cripto, SMAD3, phosphorylated SMAD3, and SMAD4 in the proliferative endometrium of women with endometriosis.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of TGF-β superfamily in endometriosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Nodal and cripto-1: distinct functions regulate trophoblast specification in mouse pregnancy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Assessment ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: The endocrine background.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Immunolocalization of stem/progenitor cell biomarkers Oct-4, C-kit and Musashi-1 in endometriotic lesions.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Maternal Cripto is required for proper uterine decidualization and peri-implantation uterine remodeling.Biology of reproduction · 2021Article
- Review
- Elevated expression of Nodal and YAP1 is associated with poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2016Article
- Endometriosis Located Proximal to or Remote From the Uterus Differentially Affects Uterine Gene Expression.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNodal is a growth factor of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that is expressed in high turnover tissues, such as the human endometrium, and in several malignancies. The effects of Nodal are modulated by the coreceptor Cripto and mediated by SMAD proteins. This study evaluated the gene and protein expression of Nodal, Cripto, total and phosphorylated (p) SMAD3, and SMAD4 in the proliferative endometrium of women with and without endometriosis.
methodTotal RNA was isolated and complementary DNA synthesized from eutopic endometrium of women with (n = 15) and without (n = 12) endometriosis, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the gene expression of Nodal, Cripto, SMAD3, and SMAD4. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein levels of Nodal and Cripto, and immunohistochemistry was performed to localize SMAD3, pSMAD3, and SMAD4.
resultsAlthough Nodal expression was unchanged in women with endometriosis, real-time PCR indicated lower gene expression of Cripto (fold change 0.27, P < .05) in the endometriosis group. This difference, however, was not maintained at protein expression level as assessed by Western blot. The immunostaining of total SMAD3 was reduced in the endometriosis group (P < .01), but the localization of pSMAD3 and the nuclear staining of SMAD4 were unchanged.
conclusionThese findings suggest that the Nodal signaling pathway has subtle changes in the endometrium of women with endometriosis, but this imbalance may not cause functional damage as it seems not to affect the nuclear expression of SMAD4.
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Registered trials
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