ArticleJournal of innate immunity2015
Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains selectively reduce CD14 expression, leading to macrophage hyporesponsiveness to bacterial infection.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interspecies regulation of virulence through gingipain inhibition by a Tannerella forsythia serpin.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Testosterone Modulates Virulence-Associated Phenotypes ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Live tissue microbiota and bacterial translocation: mechanisms and translational perspectives in cardiometabolic diseases.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Gingipain regulates isoform switches of PD-L1 in macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gingipains protect Porphyromonas gingivalis from macrophage-mediated phagocytic clearance.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Insights Into the Mechanism of Action of Chlorhexidine onInternational journal of dentistry · 2025Article
- Oral Pathobiont-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Oral-Gut Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Periodontal pathogens and cancer development.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cells in Colorectal Cancer.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Stiffness-tuned and ROS-sensitive hydrogel incorporating complement C5a receptor antagonist modulates antibacterial activity of macrophages for periodontitis treatment.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Review
- The subversion of toll-like receptor signaling by bacterial and viral proteases during the development of infectious diseases.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2022Review
- Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri-implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2022Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Factors and Clinical Significance in Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery DiseasesPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Interleukin-34 permits Porphyromonas gingivalis survival and NF-κB p65 inhibition in macrophages.Molecular oral microbiology · 2022Article
- Macrophages: A communication network linkingFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Shut-Down of Type IX Protein Secretion Alters the Host Immune Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cysteine proteases (gingipains) from Porphyromonas gingivalis are key virulence factors in chronic periodontitis. Innate immune receptors CD14, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are important in P. gingivalis recognition. We examined the ability of gingipains to cleave CD14, TLR2 and TLR4, and the consequences for the cellular response to bacterial challenge. Macrophages were exposed to Arg (RgpA and RgpB)- and Lys (Kgp)-gingipains, and residual expression of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 was determined by flow cytometry. The cellular response to live bacteria following exposure to purified gingipains was evaluated by TNFα production and bacterial phagocytosis. RgpA and Kgp decreased CD14 detection in a concentration (p = 0.0000002)- and time (p = 0.03)-dependent manner, whereas RgpB had no significant effect. TLR2 and TLR4 expression were unaffected. Reduction in CD14 expression was more efficient with Lys-gingipain than with Arg-gingipain. A reduced CD14 surface level correlated with decreased TNFα secretion and bacterial phagocytosis following challenge with live P. gingivalis, but the response to heat-killed bacteria was unaffected. Therefore, gingipains reduce CD14 expression without affecting expression of the bacterial-sensing TLRs. Reduced CD14 expression depends on the gingipain hemagglutinin/adhesion site and results in macrophage hyporesponsiveness to bacterial challenge. Further studies are needed to determine if reduced CD14 expression is linked to periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.