ArticleNeuroendocrinology2014
Glucocorticoids increase excitotoxic injury and inflammation in the hippocampus of adult male rats.
Article in Neuroendocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of cortical thickness abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
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- Evidence of 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Protein Expression and Enzymatic Activity in the Adult Rat Brain.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- Adrenarche as a regulator of sensitivity to early adversity.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- The Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Cort125329 Decreases Neuroinflammation and Gliosis and Enhances Myelination in the Wobbler Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Novel energy optimizer, meldonium, rapidly restores acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury by targeting phosphoglycerate kinase 1.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- POMC-specific knockdown of MeCP2 leads to adverse phenotypes in mice chronically exposed to high fat diet.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Stress-induced Neuroinflammation of the Spinal Cord is Restrained by Cort113176 (Dazucorilant), A Specific Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors modulate status epilepticus severity.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- Effects of Longitudinal Changes in Neuroticism and Stress on Cognitive Decline.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2023Observational
- Delayed TBI-Induced Neuronal Death in the Ipsilateral Hippocampus and Behavioral Deficits in Rats: Influence of Corticosterone-Dependent Survivorship Bias?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Conditional Ablation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors from Cochlear Supporting Cells Reveals Their Differential Roles for Hearing Sensitivity and Dynamics of Recovery from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Brain vitamin DFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Metformin improves depressive-like behavior in experimental Parkinson's disease by inducing autophagy in the substantia nigra and hippocampus.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Article
- Genetic deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor in CxExperimental neurology · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Brain Trauma, Glucocorticoids and Neuroinflammation: Dangerous Liaisons for the Hippocampus.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Dysregulated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Is Associated With Increased Inflammation and Worse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Alterations in the Occipital Cortex of Drug-Naïve Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: A Surface-Based Analysis of Surface Area and Cortical Thickness.Psychiatry investigation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsStress exacerbates neuron loss in many CNS injuries via the actions of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. For some injuries, this GC endangerment of neurons is accompanied by greater immune cell activation in the CNS, a surprising outcome given the potent immunosuppressive properties of GCs.
methodsTo determine whether the effects of GCs on inflammation contribute to neuron death or result from it, we tested whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could protect neurons from GCs during kainic acid excitotoxicity in adrenalectomized male rats. We next measured GC effects on (1) chemokine production (CCL2 and CINC-1), (2) signals that suppress immune activation (CX3CL1, CD22, CD200, and TGF-β), and (3) NF-κB activity.
resultsConcurrent treatment with minocycline, but not indomethacin, prevented GC endangerment. GCs did not substantially affect CCL2, CINC-1, or baseline NF-κB activity, but they did suppress CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and CD22 expression in the hippocampus - factors that normally restrain inflammatory responses.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that cellular inflammation is not necessarily suppressed by GCs in the injured hippocampus; instead, GCs may worsen hippocampal neuron death, at least in part by increasing the neurotoxicity of CNS inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.