ReviewNeuroimmunomodulation2015
One hormone, two actions: anti- and pro-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids.
Review in Neuroimmunomodulation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 453 citations in OpenAlex.
- Platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injections in the management of patients with rotator cuff disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of corticosteroids to treat coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms: A meta-analysis.Medicina clinica · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of different corticosteroid therapy on severe COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- The proportion and effect of corticosteroid therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2020Pooled it
- A Review: Mast Cells as Targets for Glucocorticoid Action.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoids in pregnancy: a master-switch for fetal maturation.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Acute cardiovascular manifestations of hypocortisolism.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Determinants of hepatic enzyme elevations following onasemnogene abeparvovec: Results from a unified immunomodulation protocol.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Article
- Benefits and risks of prophylactic glucocorticoids in platinum chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective study.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Single Intraperitoneal Injection of Dexamethasone Alerts Region-Specific Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Rat Brain.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Endotoxin-induced inflammation promotes, via the adrenomedullary system, a hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory reflex.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- IgD-Expressing Mature B Cells Exhibit Enhanced Sensitivity to Glucocorticoid-Induced Cell Death.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Analysis of complete blood counts and derived inflammatory indices with non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt in adolescents with major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Persistent priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to acute stress, hyperactivity and behavioral response disruption in male rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of relaxins in blood cell modulation: interactions with relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Genetic insights into the relationship between anti-inflammatory drug target genes and oral diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Description of the Hamburg Alexander Leukodystrophy Cohort-Insights into Practical Classification and the Care Situation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal gland in response to stress. Since their discovery in the 1940s, glucocorticoids have been widely prescribed to treat inflammatory disorders and hematological cancers. In the traditional view, glucocorticoids are regarded as anti-inflammatory molecules; however, emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoid actions are more complex than previously anticipated. The anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is attributed to the repression of pro-inflammatory genes through signal transduction by their steroid receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The mechanisms modulating the pro-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are not well understood. In this review, we discuss recent findings that provide insights into the mechanism by which GR signaling can play a dual role in the regulation of the immune response. We hypothesize that these apparently opposite processes are working together to prepare the immune system to respond to a stressor (pro-inflammatory effects) and subsequently restore homeostasis (anti-inflammatory effects). Finally, we propose that determining the mechanisms which underlie the tissue-specific effects of glucocorticoids will provide an excellent tool to develop more efficient and selective glucocorticoid therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.