ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2014
Exhaustion of bacteria-specific CD4 T cells and microbial translocation in common variable immunodeficiency disorders.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common variable immunodeficiency-associated endotoxemia promotes early commitment to the T follicular lineage.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Trial
- Patients with common variable immunodeficiency with autoimmune cytopenias exhibit hyperplastic yet inefficient germinal center responses.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Trial
- Beyond B cells: T and Innate Immune Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Intestinal T cells in aging: implications for gut barrier integrity and inflammaging.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Heterozygous NFKB1 variant causes inflammatory dysregulation shaped by broader genetic context in common variable immunodeficiency.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IgA defects in CVID lead to bacterial translocation, increased serum γ-interferon, and BAFF.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Association Between Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Prognostic Impact of Enteropathy and Liver Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Non-invasive assessment of hepatic involvement in common variable immunodeficiency and agammaglobulinemia using enhanced liver fibrosis score and shearwave elastography.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Broad Spectrum of Liver Manifestations in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Two Case Reports and a Literature Overview.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gut dysbiosis patterns in CVID patients with noninfectious complications observed in a germ-free mouse model through fecal microbiota transplantation.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Navigating the Complexities of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Enteropathy: From Established Therapies to Emerging Interventions.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Gut microbial dysbiosis, IgA, and Enterococcus in common variable immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation.Microbiome · 2025Article
- COVID-19 progression and convalescence in common variable immunodeficiency patients show dysregulated adaptive immune responses and persistent type I interferon and inflammasome activation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- The common variable immunodeficiency IgM repertoire narrowly recognizes erythrocyte and platelet glycans.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Comparison of Post-Vaccination Cellular Immune Response in Patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Common variable immunodeficiency disorder-related liver disease is common and results in portal hypertension and an increased risk of death.Hepatology communications · 2024Article
- Differential Diagnosis: Hepatic Complications in Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Fecal Immunoglobulin Levels as a Modifier of the Gut Microbiome in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the functional profile of CD4 T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), including production of cytokines and proliferation in response to bacteria and virus-derived antigens. We show that the functional impairment of CD4 T cells, including the reduced capacity to proliferate and to produce IFN-γ and IL-2, was restricted to bacteria-specific and not virus-specific CD4 T cells. High levels of endotoxins were found in the plasma of patients with CVID, suggesting that CD4 T cell dysfunction might be caused by bacterial translocation. Of note, endotoxemia was associated with significantly higher expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD4 T cells. The blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1/2 axis in vitro restored CD4 T cell proliferation capacity, thus indicating that PD-1 signaling negatively regulates CD4 T cell functions. Finally, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) treatment significantly reduced endotoxemia and the percentage of PD-1(+) CD4 T cells, and restored bacteria-specific CD4 T cell cytokine production and proliferation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the CD4 T cell exhaustion and functional impairment observed in CVID patients is associated with bacterial translocation and that IVIG treatment resolves bacterial translocation and restores CD4 T cell functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.