Trial reportBMC endocrine disorders2014
Depression, smoking, physical inactivity and season independently associated with midnight salivary cortisol in type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in BMC endocrine disorders, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary Biomarkers Associated with Psychological Alterations in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Lower HDL-cholesterol, a known marker of cardiovascular risk, was associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2019Trial
- Psychoeducation against depression, anxiety, alexithymia and fibromyalgia: a pilot study in primary care for patients on sick leave.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2018Trial
- Trial
- The Interconnected Complexity of Diabetes and Depression.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Association of Physical Activity and Sleep Metrics with Depression in People with Type 1 Diabetes.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- Midnight Cortisol is Associated with Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabetic Neuropathy in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Undergoing Simultaneous Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Prevalence of comorbid depression and associated factors among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hunan, China.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations between maternal awakening salivary cortisol levels in mid-pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Article
- Depression was associated with younger age, female sex, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, in 1027 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a Swedish multicentre cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Dietary Factors, Time of the Week, Physical Fitness and Saliva Cortisol: Their Modulatory Effect on Mental Distress and Mood.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Depression and anxiety among individuals with medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh.Acta psychologica · 2021Article
- Galectin-3 Binding Protein, Depression, and Younger Age Were Independently Associated With Alexithymia in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Assessing heart rate variability in type 1 diabetes mellitus-Psychosocial stress a possible confounder.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2020Article
- Altered circulatory levels of miR-128, BDNF, cortisol and shortened telomeres in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression.Acta diabetologica · 2020Article
- The Association Of Serum Cortisol Level With Microalbuminuria In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Prediabetes.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Female sex, high soluble CD163, and low HDL-cholesterol were associated with high galectin-3 binding protein in type 1 diabetes.Biology of sex differences · 2019Article
- Midnight salivary cortisol secretion and the use of antidepressants were associated with abdominal obesity in women with type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2019Article
- Association of Cortisol Levels With Neuropsychiatric Functions: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisturbances of the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion are associated with depression, coronary calcification, and higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.The primary aim of this study was to test the associations between midnight salivary cortisol (MSC), depression and HbA1c, and control for behavioural, environmental and intra individual factors with possible impact on cortisol secretion, like smoking, physical inactivity, season, medication, diabetes duration, severe hypoglycemia episodes, age and gender in patients with type 1 diabetes. Secondary aims were to present MSC levels for a reference group of non-depressed type 1 diabetes patients with a healthy life style (physically active and non-smoking), and to explore seasonal variations.
methodsA cross-sectional population based study of 196 patients (54% men and 46% women) aged 18-59 years that participated in a randomized controlled trial targeting depression in type 1 diabetes. Depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale. MSC, HbA1c, serum-lipids, blood pressure, waist circumference and data from medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Registry were collected.
resultsThirty four patients (17%) had MSC ≥9.3 nmol/L, which was associated with smoking (AOR 5.5), spring season (AOR 4.3), physical inactivity (AOR 3.9), self-reported depression (AOR 3.1), and older age (per year) (AOR 1.08). HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (>8.6%) (AOR 4.2) and MSC ≥9.3 nmol/L (AOR 4.4) were independently linked to self-reported depression. Season was strongly associated with MSC levels and no other variables studied showed seasonal variations. In a reference group of 137 non-depressed patients with a healthy life style (physically active, non-smoking) the median MSC level was 4.6 nmol/L (range 1.9-23.0).
conclusionsIn this study of patients with type 1 diabetes high MSC was linked to smoking, physical inactivity, depression, season and older age. Thus a high cortisol value identified three major targets for treatment in type 1 diabetes.
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