ArticleClinical cardiology2014
Impact of clinical and therapeutic factors on incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in a population-based cohort of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults.
Article in Clinical cardiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Pooled it
- Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2018Pooled it
- Rosuvastatin Worsens Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- Incidence and risk factors regarding atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly people with HIV treated in Chongqing, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factor screening among people living with HIV vs. members of the general population in Botswana: a community-based study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Direct and indirect cardiovascular and cardiometabolic sequelae of the combined anti-retroviral therapy on people living with HIV.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers and Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome Among People Living With HIV/AIDS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2022Article
- Cerebrovascular Disease in Children Perinatally Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Zambia.Pediatric neurology · 2020Article
- The challenge of HIV treatment in an era of polypharmacy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Review
- Article
- Non-HIV Comorbid Conditions and Polypharmacy Among People Living with HIV Age 65 or Older Compared with HIV-Negative Individuals Age 65 or Older in the United States: A Retrospective Claims-Based Analysis.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2019Article
- Article
- Impact of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guidelines on Statin Eligibility Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals.Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Cenicriviroc inhibits trans-endothelial passage of monocytes and is associated with impaired E-selectin expression.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Article
- Psychosocial complications of HIV/AIDS-metabolic disorder comorbidities among patients in a rural area of southeastern United States.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2018Article
- Cardiovascular Disease in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Current cardiology reviews · 2018Review
- Telmisartan increases vascular reparative capacity in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study.HIV clinical trials · 2016Article
- Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Patients Initiating Efavirenz-Containing Versus Efavirenz-Free Antiretroviral Regimens.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CVD) events/diseases are a common cause of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality in the aging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population. The incidence rate and clinical correlates of CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the general population warrants further investigation. HYPOTHESIS: HIV/AIDS is associated with increased risk CVD compared to general population.
methodsCVD events in a matched cohort of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults, ≥18 years old, served through the South Carolina Medicaid program during 1994 to 2011 were examined using time-dependent proportional hazards regression and marginal structural modeling.
resultsA retrospective cohort of 13,632 adults was followed longitudinally for an average of 51 months. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of incident CVD events was higher among HIV-infected individuals exposed to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (aHR = 1.15) compared to the non-HIV-infected group, but did not differ from the subgroup of cART-naïve HIV-infected adults. A higher aHR of incident CVD was associated with comorbid hypertension (aHR = 2.18), diabetes (aHR = 1.38), obesity (aHR = 1.30), tobacco use (aHR = 1.47), and hepatitis C coinfection (aHR = 1.32), and older age (aHR = 1.26), but with a lower risk among females (aHR = 0.86). A higher risk of incident CVD events was also apparent in HIV-infected individuals with exposure to both protease inhibitors (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.99) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (aRR = 2.19) compared to those with no exposure. Sustained viral load suppression was associated with a lower risk of incident CVD events (aRR = 0.74).
conclusionsAfter adjusting for traditional risk factors and sociodemographic differences, there is higher risk of incident cardiovascular events among HIV-infected individuals exposed to combined antiretroviral medications compared to the general population.
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