ArticleExperimental animals2015
Anesthetic effects of a three-drugs mixture--comparison of administrative routes and antagonistic effects of atipamezole in mice.
Article in Experimental animals, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicardipine co-administered with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol anesthesia attenuates post-anesthetic hypothermia in rats.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Faster immobilization and recovery with remimazolam compared to midazolam in medetomidine-butorphanol balanced anesthesia in male Sprague-Dawley rats: a randomized crossover study.Laboratory animal research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a modified anesthetic protocol using dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol in mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Microcirculatory impact of vatinoxan and fentanyl in male Wistar rats sedated with medetomidine and midazolam.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Dual-route medetomidine-alfaxalone-butorphanol anesthesia: a refined protocol for balanced anesthesia in male rabbits.Experimental animals · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a mixture of medetomidine, alfaxalone and butorphanol as an alternative drug for euthanasia in mice.Experimental animals · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of anesthetic effects of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol and medetomidine-remimazolam-butorphanol administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally in C57BL/6J mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Dual-route administration of balanced anesthesia using medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol provides both suitable anesthetic depth and reduced tissue injury in rabbits.Experimental animals · 2025Article
- Combined medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol anesthesia in mice has a central stress-relieving effect similar to that of isoflurane anesthesia.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Evaluation of storage conditions and periods for a three-drug anesthetic mixture in mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular function and autonomic regulation in urethane-anesthetized and conscious mice.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of general anesthesia protocols for a highly controlled cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model in mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- Insulin receptor expression to predict resistance to axitinib and elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Recommended doses of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol with atipamezole for preventing hypothermia in mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2022Article
- Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science.ILAR journal · 2021Review
- Duration of thermal support for preventing hypothermia induced by anesthesia with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol in mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- Comparison of the anesthetic effect by the injection route of mixed anesthesia (medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol) and the effect of this anesthetic agent on the respiratory function.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits.Experimental animals · 2019Article
- Anesthetic effect of a mixture of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and butorphanol for inducing surgical anesthesia in ICR, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mouse strains.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2019Article
- The effect of avertin anesthesia and a mixture of three types of anesthetic agents on food intakeand body weight in high fat-induced obese maleand female mice.Experimental animals · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anesthetic mixture of medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID) and butorphanol (BUT) produced anesthetic duration of around 40 minutes (min) in ICR mice. We reported that this anesthetic mixture produced almost the same anesthetic effects in both male and female BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of drugs has been widely used in mice. However, various injectable routes of the anesthetic mixture may cause different anesthetic effects. First, we examined effects of the anesthetic mixture by subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) injection compared to IP injection. After injection of the anesthetic mixture, administration of atipamezole (ATI) induced mice recovery from anesthesia. Secondly, we examined how different dosage and optimum injection timing of ATI affected mice recovery from anesthesia. We used an anesthetic score to measure anesthetic duration and a pulse oximeter to monitor vital signs under anesthesia. Usually, drugs from SC injection work more weakly than IP or IV injection. However, we found no significant differences of anesthetic duration among the three different injection routes. Antagonistic effects of ATI (0.3 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg) worked equally when administered at 30 min after injection of the anesthetic mixture. Antagonistic effects of ATI (1.5 mg/kg) were stronger than ATI (0.3 mg/kg) at 10 min after injection of the anesthetic mixture. The anesthetic mixture is a useful drug to induce nearly the same anesthetic effects by different injection routes and has an antagonist of ATI which helps mice quickly recover from anesthesia. These results may contribute to the welfare of laboratory animals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.