ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2014
Factor Analysis Demonstrates a Common Schizoidal Phenotype within Autistic and Schizotypal Tendency: Implications for Neuroscientific Studies.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Threat discrimination of real-world social interactions in schizotypal traits.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Identifying overlapping and distinctive traits of autism and schizophrenia using machine learning classification.Cognitive neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- A Tale of Three Spectra: Basic Symptoms in Clinical-High-Risk of Psychosis Vary Across Autism Spectrum Disorder, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2024Article
- Association between increased anterior cingulate glutamate and psychotic-like experiences, but not autistic traits in healthy volunteers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The Relationship Between Affective Visual Mismatch Negativity and Interpersonal Difficulties Across Autism and Schizotypal Traits.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- On the Continuity Between Autistic and Schizoid Personality Disorder Trait Burden: A Prospective Study in Adolescence.The Journal of nervous and mental disease · 2020Article
- Adding a Dimension to the Dichotomy: Affective Processes Are Implicated in the Relationship Between Autistic and Schizotypal Traits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Theory of Mind (ToM) Performance in High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Schizotypal-Schizoid Personality Disorders (SSPD) Patients.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2019Article
- A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Diametric effects of autism tendencies and psychosis proneness on attention control irrespective of task demands.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A review of abnormalities in the perception of visual illusions in schizophrenia.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2017Review
- Spatio-temporal source cluster analysis reveals fronto-temporal auditory change processing differences within a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2017Article
- Increased glutamate/GABA+ ratio in a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype termed Social Disorganisation.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2017Article
- Glutamate/GABA+ ratio is associated with the psychosocial domain of autistic and schizotypal traits.PloS one · 2017Article
- A Metaanalysis of Perceptual Organization in Schizophrenia, Schizotypy, and Other High-Risk Groups Based on Variants of the Embedded Figures Task.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the (1)H-MRS Metabolite Spectrum in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Review
- Greater magnocellular saccadic suppression in high versus low autistic tendency suggests a causal path to local perceptual style.Royal Society open science · 2015Article
- Editorial: Cognition Across the Psychiatric Disorder Spectrum: From Mental Health to Clinical Diagnosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, particularly social and communication impairments, are shared between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, while evidence for a diametric autism-positive schizophrenia symptom profile is inconsistent. We investigated the shared phenotype at a personality trait level, particularly its resemblance to schizoid personality disorder, as well as differential aspects of the autism-schizophrenia model. Items of the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) and schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) were pseudo-randomly combined, and were completed by 449 (162 male, 287 female) non-clinical participants aged 18-40. A factor analysis revealed three factors; the first represented a shared social disorganization phenotype, the second reflected perceptual oddities specific to schizotypy while the third reflected social rigidity specific to autism. The AQ and SPQ were strongly correlated with Factor 1 (AQ: r = 0.75, p < 0.001; SPQ: r = 0.96, p < 0.001), SPQ score was correlated with Factor 2 (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), particularly in cognitive-perceptual features (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), and AQ score was strongly correlated with Factor 3 (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was no relationship between Factor 1 and Factor 2. Thus, there is robust evidence for a shared social disorganization phenotype in autistic and schizotypal tendency, which reflects the schizoid phenotype. Discriminating and independent dimensions of schizotypal and autistic tendency exist in Factors 2 and 3, respectively. Current diagnostic protocols could result in different diagnoses depending on the instrument used, suggesting the need for neuromarkers that objectively differentiate autistic and schizotypal traits and resolve the question of commonality versus co-morbidity.
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