ReviewFrontiers in physiology2014
Inward rectifiers and their regulation by endogenous polyamines.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Cryo-EM structures of heteromeric Kir4.1/5.1 channel suggest mechanisms of inward rectification and channel blockage.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modular architecture of KEMBO reports · 2025Review
- Parkinson's disease-linked Kir4.2 mutation R28C leads to loss of ion channel function.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- The network of cardiac KNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Advancing Kir4.2 Channel Ligand Identification through Collision-Induced Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry.ACS chemical biology · 2024Article
- Modulation of GluA2-γ5 synaptic complex desensitization, polyamine block and antiepileptic perampanel inhibition by auxiliary subunit cornichon-2.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Relevance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potassium Ion Channels in Glioma: From Basic Knowledge into Therapeutic Applications.Membranes · 2023Review
- Chronic Propafenone Application Increases Functional KPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gating and modulation of an inward-rectifier potassium channel.The Journal of general physiology · 2023Article
- Activated protein C in epilepsy pathophysiology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Antizyme Inhibitor 2-Deficient Mice Exhibit Altered Brain Polyamine Levels and Reduced Locomotor Activity.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Cryo-electron microscopy unveils unique structural features of the human Kir2.1 channel.Science advances · 2022Article
- Polyamines and Their Metabolism: From the Maintenance of Physiological Homeostasis to the Mediation of Disease.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Insight into the Phospholipid-Binding Preferences of Kir3.4.Biochemistry · 2021Article
- Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Immediate and Delayed Response of Simulated Human Atrial Myocytes to Clinically-Relevant Hypokalemia.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Comparison of KHandbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels contribute to maintenance of the resting membrane potential and regulation of electrical excitation in many cell types. Strongly rectifying Kir channels exhibit a very steep voltage dependence resulting in silencing of their activity at depolarized membrane voltages. The mechanism underlying this steep voltage dependence is blockade by endogenous polyamines. These small multifunctional, polyvalent metabolites enter the long Kir channel pore from the intracellular side, displacing multiple occupant ions as they migrate to a stable binding site in the transmembrane region of the channel. Numerous structure-function studies have revealed structural elements of Kir channels that determine their susceptibility to polyamine block, and enable the steep voltage dependence of this process. In addition, various channelopathies have been described that result from alteration of the polyamine sensitivity or activity of strongly rectifying channels. The primary focus of this article is to summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of polyamine block, and provide some perspective on lingering uncertainties related to this physiologically important mechanism of ion channel blockade. We also briefly review some of the important and well understood physiological roles of polyamine sensitive, strongly rectifying Kir channels, primarily of the Kir2 family.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.