ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2014
Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustainable Applications of Thymol: Advances in Formulation Technologies, Drug Delivery Systems, and Food Preservation Strategies.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Antifungal and anti-virulence activities of cinnamon, thyme, and clove essential oils againstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- In Vitro Studies of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Ginger (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Flowering phenophases influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Article
- 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol ModulatesJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antifungal Activity of Mexican Propolis on Clinical Isolates ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Promising Anti-Biofilm Agents and Phagocytes Enhancers for the Treatment ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent AgainstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Back to Nature: CombatingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Virulence and biofilms as promising targets in developing antipathogenic drugs against candidiasis.Future science OA · 2020Review
- Effect of Clove and Thyme Essential Oils onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Influence of subinhibitory antifungal concentrations on extracellular hydrolases and biofilm production by Candida albicans recovered from Egyptian patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Antibiofilm and Antihyphal Activities of Cedar Leaf Essential Oil, Camphor, and Fenchone Derivatives againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmergence of drug-resistant strains of Candida and inefficiency of conventional antifungal therapy has necessitated the search for alternative and new antifungal agents. Inhibition of virulence and biofilm are the potential drug targets. In this study, the oils of Carum copticum, Thymus vulgaris and their major active compound thymol as revealed by Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-GC/MS) analysis were tested for their inhibitory activity against growth to determine sub-MIC values against 27 drug-resistant strains of Candida spp.
methodsBrothmacrodilution method was used for determination of MIC of test oils against Candida strains. The spectrophotometric methods were used for detection and inhibition assays for virulence factors in Candida spp. Light and electron microscopy was performed to observe morphological effects of oils on biofilms. GC-GC/MS were used to evaluate the major active compounds of test oils.
resultsVirulence factors like proteinase and haemolysin were detected in 18 strains, both in solid and liquid media. A 70% of the test strains exhibited hydrophobicity and formed moderate to strong biofilms (OD280 0.5- > 1.0). Test oils exhibited MICs in the range of 45-360 μg.mL(-1) against the majority of test strains. All the oils at 0.25× and 0.5× MICs induced >70% reduction in the cell surface hydrophobicity, proteinase and haemolysin production. At 0.5× MIC, thymol and T. vulgaris were most inhibitory against biofilm formation. At sub-MICs electron microscopic studies revealed the deformity of complex structures of biofilms formed and cell membranes appeared to be the target site of these agents.
conclusionsTherefore, our findings have highlighted the concentration dependent activity of oils of C. copticum and T. vulgaris against virulence factors and biofilms in proteinase and haemolysin producing drug-resistant strains of Candida spp. The above activities of test oils are supposed to be mainly contributed due to their major active compound thymol. Further mechanism involving anti-proteinase, anti-haemolysin and anti-biofilm activities of these oils and compounds are to be explored for possible exploitation in combating Candida infections.
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