ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2014
Ocular changes during pregnancy.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pregnancy outcome and relationship with hypertensive retinopathy in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among antenatal patients of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of Maternal Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Velocimetry at 18 to 24 Weeks of Gestational Age in the Prediction of Preeclampsia.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2026Article
- Corneal enzymatic digestion resistance in the presence of oestradiol and oestradiol plus selective tissue oestrogenic activity regulators (STEAR).BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Retinal imaging in an era of open science and privacy protection.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Pregnancy-induced bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Value of Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in High-Risk Bulgarian Women.Cureus · 2024Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy during pregnancy in Hispanic women with latent Toxoplasma gondii infection.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2024Article
- Preeclampsia Management and Maternal Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Measurements between 19 and 23 Weeks of Gestation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ocular Manifestations in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Karnataka, India.Cureus · 2023Article
- Vascular Choroidal Alterations in Uncomplicated Third-Trimester Pregnancy.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2022Article
- Eye diseases during pregnancy: a study with the medical data warehouse in the eye clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Munich in Germany.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Article
- Myopia and its associated factors among pregnant women at health institutions in Gondar District, Northwest Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Changes in Refractive and Optometric Findings During Pregnancy.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2022Article
- Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- [Bilateral posterior serous retinal detachment associated with HELLP syndrome].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2021Article
- The thickness changes of retina in high myopia patients during the third trimester of pregnancy: a pilot study.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Observational
- Macular vascular changes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by optical coherence tomography angiography.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Chorioretinal Alterations Induced by Preeclampsia.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Evaluation of the Choroid in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost ocular changes in pregnancy are harmless. For example, 14% of pregnant women need a new eyeglass prescription. Some changes, however, are serious, such as retinal effects of hypertension, which can be a sign of pre-eclampsia. Ocular changes may give rise to uncertainty about the administration of ophthalmological drugs or the optimal method of childbirth.
methodThis review is based on pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search in Medline and on guidelines from Germany and abroad. Recommendations about drugs were taken from the Embryotox and Reprotox databases, the German Red List, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
results40% to 100% of pregnant women with high blood pressure have retinal changes whose severity is correlated with the severity of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Diabetic women should undergo ocular examination before and during pregnancy. Pre-existing retinal changes worsen during pregnancy in 55% of cases. Most ocular diseases can be treated with the usual drugs in pregnant women and nursing mothers, although the evidence for drug safety is derived from case series and the treatment is usually provided off label. Ocular conditions that are present before pregnancy are irrelevant to the choice of a method of childbirth.
conclusionPregnant women and nursing mothers can undergo most types of ophthalmological examination and treatment. Recommendations about drug treatment should be checked against current information that can be found on the embryotox.de and reprotox.de websites.
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