ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2014
Upper and lower urinary tract infections can be detected early but not be discriminated by urinary NGAL in adults.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers innovation in urinary tract infections: Insights into pathophysiology, antibiotic resistance, and clinical applications.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Plasma and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictors of Renal Parenchymal Involvement in Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: A Pilot Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comprehensive insights into UTIs: from pathophysiology to precision diagnosis and management.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Comparison Shows that Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Identifies Infection-associated Urinary Biomarker-positive Urinary Tract Infections That Are Missed by Standard Urine Culture.European urology open science · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Phylogenicity of Uropathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The kidney, COVID-19, and the chemokine network: an intriguing trio.International urology and nephrology · 2021Review
- Differential Serum and Urine CRP, IP-10, and TRAIL Levels in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Biomarkers in urinary tract infections - which ones are suitable for diagnostics and follow-up?GMS infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Prognostic value of serum and urine kidney injury molecule-1 in infants with urinary tract infection.Central-European journal of immunology · 2019Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine kidney injury molecule-1 as predictors of acute pyelonephritis in young children with febrile urinary tract infection.Central-European journal of immunology · 2019Article
- Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for predicting acute pyelonephritis in infants with urinary tract infection.Central-European journal of immunology · 2019Article
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: utility in urologic conditions.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Article
- Novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults.Kardiochirurgia i torakochirurgia polska = Polish journal of cardio-thoracic surgery · 2016Article
- Clinical usefulness of urinary liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein as a perioperative marker of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing endovascular or open-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.Journal of anesthesia · 2016Article
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
- Anti-transferrin receptor-modified amphotericin B-loaded PLA-PEG nanoparticles cure Candidal meningitis and reduce drug toxicity.International journal of nanomedicine · 2015Article
- Prospective Evaluation of Rapid Antigen Tests for Diagnosis of Respiratory Viral Pathogens.Transplantation proceedingsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe investigated whether the recently established biomarkers of acute kidney injury, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), may help to diagnose acute urinary tract infections (UTI) in adults and are able to distinguish between upper or lower localization.
methodsNGAL levels were measured in blood and urine, and KIM-1 concentrations in urine of 97 subjects. We recruited age- and gender-matched groups of 30 patients with acute upper UTI and 29 patients with acute lower UTI as well as 38 healthy controls. NGAL and KIM-1 were determined by ELISA, serum and urine creatinine applying the Jaffé's method.
resultsUrinary NGAL (uNGAL) was significantly increased in patients with upper as well as with lower UTI compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). Accordingly, uNGAL normalized on urinary creatinine (uNGAL/uCrea) was markedly higher in patients with lower UTI compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and uNGAL/uCrea levels were still raised in patients with upper UTI, though not reaching statistical significance (P = 0.07). However, neither uNGAL nor uNGAL/uCrea levels displayed significant differences between patients with upper or lower UTI (P = 0.75; P = 0.97). uKIM-1 levels were close to the detection limit and too low to reliably reveal differences between the three groups.
conclusionsWhile uKIM-1 seems not to serve as a helpful biomarker in this setting, increased levels of uNGAL indicate inflammatory processes in the urinary tract in adults. However, the determination of uNGAL levels does not allow to differentiate between upper and lower UTI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.