ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
Effects of Nicotine on Streptococcus gordonii Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Cell Aggregation.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of E-Liquids and Oral Commensal Bacteria on the Growth ofDentistry journal · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Comparative Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Heated Tobacco Product Aerosols on Biofilm Production by Respiratory Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Effect of Nicotine on Pulmonary Pathogenic Bacteria.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Demographic Data, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden of HS Patients in Lithuania at a Reference Center.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metatranscriptomic analysis shows functional alterations in subgingival biofilm in young smokers with periodontitis: a pilot study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Observational
- The association of maternal smoking and other sociobehavioral factors with dental caries in toddlers: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Investigating the anti-streptococcal biofilm effect of ssDNA aptamer-silver nanoparticles complex on a titanium-based substrate.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Microorganisms: crucial players of smokeless tobacco for several health attributes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Microbiology of the American Smokeless Tobacco.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Impact factors of the accumulation, migration and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Review
- Article
- The impact of smoking different tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Oral Hygiene Practices of Hungarian Adult E-Cigarette-Only and Dual Users.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2020Article
- Effect of nicotine on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and virulence factors.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Electronic cigarette vapour increases virulence and inflammatory potential of respiratory pathogens.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- A Comparison of Flavorless Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Planktonic Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Smoking and periodontal microorganisms.The Japanese dental science review · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal species of human oral flora. It initiates dental biofilm formation and provides binding sites for later colonizers to attach to and generate mature biofilm. Smoking is the second highest risk factor for periodontal disease, and cigarette smoke extract has been reported to facilitate Porphyromonas gingivalis-S. gordonii dual-species biofilm formation. Our hypothesis is that nicotine, one of the most important and active components of tobacco, stimulates S. gordonii multiplication and aggregation. In the present study, S. gordonii planktonic cell growth (kinetic absorbance and CFU), biofilm formation (crystal violet stain and confocal laser scanning microscopy [CLSM]), aggregation with/without sucrose, and 11 genes that encode binding proteins or regulators of gene expression were investigated. Results demonstrated planktonic cell growth was stimulated by 1 to 4 mg/ml nicotine treatment. Biofilm formation was increased at 0.5 to 4 mg/ml nicotine. CLSM indicated bacterial cell mass was increased by 2 and 4 mg/ml nicotine, but biofilm extracellular polysaccharide was not significantly affected by nicotine. Cell aggregation was upregulated by 4, 8, and 16 mg/ml nicotine with sucrose and by 16 mg/ml nicotine without sucrose. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR indicated S. gordonii abpA, scaA, ccpA, and srtA were upregulated in planktonic cells by 2 mg/ml nicotine. In conclusion, nicotine stimulates S. gordonii planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation, aggregation, and gene expression of binding proteins. Those effects may promote later pathogen attachment to tooth surfaces, the accumulation of tooth calculus, and the development of periodontal disease in cigarette smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.