Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25216938›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of pathology2014

The ErbB4 ligand neuregulin-4 protects against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.

Steven J McElroy, Shannon L Castle, Jessica K Bernard, Dana Almohazey, Catherine J Hunter, Brandon A Bell, Denise Al Alam, Larry Wang, Henri R Ford, Mark R Frey

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Neuregulin 4 in Insulin Resistance: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  2. Adipocytokine profiles in maternal obesity: The impact of lipoinflammation on serum, breastmilk, and infant metabolic development.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
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  8. Article
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  11. State-of-the-art review and update ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Nutrients · 2022
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Neuregulins in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Steven J McElroyDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Shannon L CastleDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Jessica K BernardDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Dana AlmohazeyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Catherine J HunterDepartments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Brandon A BellDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Denise Al AlamDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Larry WangDepartment of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Henri R FordDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Mark R FreyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: mfrey@chla.usc.edu.
University of Southern California · USNorthwestern University · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

The role of the ErbB4 and ErbB3 neuregulin receptors in intestinal epithelial regenerationR01DK095004 · NIDDK · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI FREY, MARK R · 2013 to 2022
$3.5M
PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITISR01AI014032 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI FORD, HENRI R · 1985 to 2014
$3.4M
Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cell Injury & Repair During DevelopmentK08DK083677 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI MCELROY, STEVEN JAMES · 2009 to 2013
$723k
The role of ErbB-4 in inflammation-induced colon carcinogenesisK01DK077956 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI FREY, MARK R · 2007 to 2011
$678k
Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by ErbB4 in colon epithelial cellsR03DK090295 · NIDDK · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI FREY, MARK R · 2011 to 2012
$160k
Role of Paneth Cells in Development of Necrotizing EnterocolitisR03DK097335 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MCELROY, STEVEN JAMES · 2013 to 2014
$151k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI014032NIAID NIH HHS R01AI014032NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK077956NIDDK NIH HHS K01DK077956NIDDK NIH HHS K08 DK083677NIDDK NIH HHS K08DK083677NIDDK NIH HHS L40 DK084865NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK095004NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK095004NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK090295NIDDK NIH HHS R03DK090295NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK097335NIDDK NIH HHS R03DK097335
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects up to 10% of premature infants, has a mortality of 30%, and can leave surviving patients with significant morbidity. Neuregulin-4 (NRG4) is an ErbB4-specific ligand that promotes epithelial cell survival. Thus, this pathway could be protective in diseases such as NEC, in which epithelial cell death is a major pathologic feature. We sought to determine whether NRG4-ErbB4 signaling is protective in experimental NEC. NRG4 was used i) in the newborn rat formula feeding/hypoxia model; ii) in a recently developed model in which 14- to 16-day-old mice are injected with dithizone to induce Paneth cell loss, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection to induce intestinal injury; and iii) in bacterially infected IEC-6 cells in vitro. NRG4 reduced NEC incidence and severity in the formula feed/hypoxia rat model. It also reduced Paneth cell ablation-induced NEC and prevented dithizone-induced Paneth cell loss in mice. In vitro, cultured ErbB4(-/-) ileal epithelial enteroids had reduced Paneth cell markers and were highly sensitive to inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, NRG4 blocked, through a Src-dependent pathway, Cronobacter muytjensii-induced IEC-6 cell apoptosis. The potential clinical relevance of these findings was demonstrated by the observation that NRG4 and its receptor ErbB4 are present in human breast milk and developing human intestine, respectively. Thus, NRG4-ErbB4 signaling may be a novel pathway for therapeutic intervention or prevention in NEC.

Indexed as

Signal TransductionAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalEnterocolitis, NecrotizingEpithelial CellsFemaleHumansIleumIntestinesMiceMilk, HumanNeuregulinsPaneth CellsRatsCytokinesERBB4 protein, humanErbb4 protein, mouseErbb4 protein, ratneuregulin-4NeuregulinsReceptor, ErbB-4

Identifiers

PMID25216938
PMCPMC4715213
OpenAlexW2054496859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.