ArticlePloS one2014
Seasonal patterns in human A (H5N1) virus infection: analysis of global cases.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global epidemiology of avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in humans, 1997-2015: a systematic review of individual case data.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- The peculiar characteristics and advancement in diagnostic methodologies of influenza A virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The role of vaccination and environmental factors on outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 in Bangladesh.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Higher Viral Stability and Ethanol Resistance of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus on Human Skin.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Society organization, not pathogenic viruses, is the fundamental cause of pandemics.Environmental chemistry letters · 2022Article
- Environmental factors influencing the transmission of the coronavirus 2019: a review.Environmental chemistry letters · 2022Review
- Study on the Antiviral Activities and Hemagglutinin-Based Molecular Mechanism of Novel Chlorogenin 3-Viruses · 2020Article
- Intravenous pathogenicity of influenza virus A/H5N1/2014 isolated from pig in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.Open veterinary journal · 2018Article
- Internal genes of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus determine high viral replication in myeloid cells and severe outcome of infection in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Differential responses of innate immunity triggered by different subtypes of influenza a viruses in human and avian hosts.BMC medical genomics · 2017Article
- Broad Spectrum Anti-Influenza Agents by Inhibiting Self-Association of Matrix Protein 1.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam.PloS one · 2015Article
- An Epidemiological Analysis of Summer Influenza Epidemics in Okinawa.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) have high mortality. Despite abundant data on seasonal patterns in influenza epidemics, it is unknown whether similar patterns exist for human HPAI H5N1 cases worldwide. Such knowledge could help decrease avian-to-human transmission through increased prevention and control activities during peak periods.
methodsWe performed a systematic search of published human HPAI H5N1 cases to date, collecting month, year, country, season, hemisphere, and climate data. We used negative binomial regression to predict changes in case incidence as a function of season. To investigate hemisphere as a potential moderator, we used AIC and the likelihood-ratio test to compare the season-only model to nested models including a main effect or interaction with hemisphere. Finally, we visually assessed replication of seasonal patterns across climate groups based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
findingsWe identified 617 human cases (611 with complete seasonal data) occurring in 15 countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Case occurrence was much higher in winter (n = 285, p = 0.03) than summer (n = 64), and the winter peak occurred across diverse climate groups. There was no significant interaction between hemisphere and season.
interpretationAcross diverse climates, HPAI H5N1 virus infection in humans increases significantly in winter. This is consistent with increased poultry outbreaks and HPAI H5N1 virus transmission during cold and dry conditions. Prioritizing prevention and control activities among poultry and focusing public health messaging to reduce poultry exposures during winter months may help to reduce zoonotic transmission of HPAI H5N1 virus in resource-limited settings.
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