ArticlePharmacy practice2007
Consumption of antibiotics in a small Pacific island nation: Samoa.
Article in Pharmacy practice, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens in four Pacific Island countries, 2017-2021.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Consumption in Vanuatu before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2018 to 2021: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi on an Island: No H58, No Multidrug Resistance, but for How Long?mBio · 2022Article
- Article
- Global antibiotic consumption and usage in humans, 2000-18: a spatial modelling study.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in the Pacific Island countries and territories.BMJ global health · 2020Review
- High prescription of antimicrobials in a rural district hospital in India.Pharmacy practice · 2014Article
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Samoa, 2007-2008.Emerging infectious diseases · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High levels of antibiotic use contribute to development of antibiotic resistance. There is little known about levels of antibiotic use in Samoa, although anecdotally, there are high levels of use, and a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus may have developed there. The study aimed to gather basic data on levels of antibiotic use in Samoa. All those who import medicines into Samoa were interviewed; invoices, prescription records in hospitals, pharmacies and health centres were reviewed; and prospective observation was carried out in private pharmacies. Analysis of orders made in one year provided an estimate of overall antibiotic consumption of 37.3 Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitant days. Penicillins comprised 63% of DDDs used. Antibiotics were around a third of all prescribed drugs in hospitals and pharmacies, and 44% of those dispensed in health centres. Approximately two-thirds of prescriptions dispensed included an antibiotic. A quarter of antibiotic sales in pharmacies were without a prescription. Samoa has high rates of use of antibiotics and very high reliance on penicillins, compared to other developing countries. Levels of prescribing are high compared with other developing nations. It is feasible to calculate total consumption of medicines in very small developing nations.
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