Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Rifaximin has a marginal impact on microbial translocation, T-cell activation and inflammation in HIV-positive immune non-responders to antiretroviral therapy - ACTG A5286.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01466595 (A Pilot Study of Rifaximin as a Modulator of Gut Microbial Translocation and Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Individuals With Incomplete CD4+ T-cell Recovery on Antiretroviral Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study of Rifaximin as a Modulator of Gut Microbial Translocation and Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Individuals With Incomplete CD4+ T-cell Recovery on Antiretroviral Therapy
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunct Therapy for CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers.Microbiome · 2024Trial
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Clinical Trial of Dipyridamole to Decrease Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Chronic Inflammation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Rifaximin alters gut microbiota profile, but does not affect systemic inflammation - a randomized controlled trial in common variable immunodeficiency.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Equivalent Decline in Inflammation Markers with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate vs. Tenofovir Alafenamide.EBioMedicine · 2016Trial
- Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Effects of atorvastatin on biomarkers of immune activation, inflammation, and lipids in virologically suppressed, human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5275).Journal of clinical lipidologyTrial
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut-lung axis: the potential role of rifaximin.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Clinical and experimental treatment of residual immune activation in people living with HIV.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- HIV and the gut: implications for HIV persistence, immune dysfunction and cure strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for immunological non-responder in HIV/AIDS combined with amphetamine abuse: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- The human microbiome and gut-liver axis in people living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Potential ofCells · 2022Review
- Gut-derived bacterial toxins impair memory CD4+ T cell mitochondrial function in HIV-1 infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Transmethylamine-N-Oxide Is Associated With Diffuse Cardiac Fibrosis in People Living With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- A Summary of the Fifth Annual Virology Education HIV Microbiome Workshop.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic that decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cirrhotics, may decrease the elevated levels of microbial translocation, T-cell activation and inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive immune nonresponders to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
methodsHIV-positive adults receiving ART for ≥96 weeks with undetectable viremia for ≥48 weeks and CD4(+) T-cell counts <350 cells/mm(3) were randomized 2:1 to rifaximin versus no study treatment for 4 weeks. T-cell activation, LPS, and soluble CD14 were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared changes between arms.
resultsCompared with no study treatment (n = 22), rifaximin (n = 43) use was associated with a significant difference between study arms in the change from baseline to week 4 for CD8(+)T-cell activation (median change, 0.0% with rifaximin vs +0.6% with no treatment; P = .03). This difference was driven by an increase in the no-study-treatment arm because there was no significant change within the rifaximin arm. Similarly, although there were significant differences between study arms in change from baseline to week 2 for LPS and soluble CD14, there were no significant changes within the rifaximin arm.
conclusionsIn immune nonresponders to ART, rifaximin minimally affected microbial translocation and CD8(+)T-cell activation. Trial registration number. NCT01466595.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.