Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25214467›Full record

ArticleChemical senses2014

Using sniffing behavior to differentiate true negative from false negative responses in trained scent-detection dogs.

Astrid Concha, Daniel S Mills, Alexandre Feugier, Helen Zulch, Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Thomas W Pike

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chemical senses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Combining detection dogs with air extraction methodology to expose wildlife trafficking in containerized cargo.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026
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  19. DetectingInfection prevention in practice · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Astrid ConchaSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Building, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK, aconcharamirez@lincoln.ac.uk.
Daniel S MillsSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Building, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
Alexandre FeugierRoyal Canin SAS, Avenue de la petite Camargue, Aimargues F-30470, France and.
Helen ZulchSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Building, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
Claire GuestMedical Detection Dogs, 3 Millfield, Greenway Business Park, Great Horwood, Milton Keynes MK17 0NP, UK.
Rob HarrisMedical Detection Dogs, 3 Millfield, Greenway Business Park, Great Horwood, Milton Keynes MK17 0NP, UK.
Thomas W PikeSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Building, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
University of Lincoln · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

False negatives are recorded in every chemical detection system, but when animals are used as a scent detector, some false negatives can arise as a result of a failure in the link between detection and the trained alert response, or a failure of the handler to identify the positive alert. A false negative response can be critical in certain scenarios, such as searching for a live person or detecting explosives. In this study, we investigated whether the nature of sniffing behavior in trained detection dogs during a controlled scent-detection task differs in response to true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives. A total of 200 videos of 10 working detection dogs were pseudorandomly selected and analyzed frame by frame to quantify sniffing duration and the number of sniffing episodes recorded in a Go/No-Go single scent-detection task using an eight-choice test apparatus. We found that the sniffing duration of true negatives is significantly shorter than false negatives, true positives, and false positives. Furthermore, dogs only ever performed one sniffing episode towards true negatives, but two sniffing episodes commonly occurred in the other situations. These results demonstrate how the nature of sniffing can be used to more effectively assess odor detection by dogs used as biological detection devices.

Indexed as

OdorantsSmellAnimalsBehavior, AnimalDogsFemaleMaledetection dogsfalse negativefalse positivesniffing behaviortarget odor

Identifiers

PMID25214467
PMCPMC4201303
OpenAlexW2077948119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.