Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25213041›Full record

ReviewThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

Severe asthma in children.

Theresa W Guilbert, Leonard B Bacharier, Anne M Fitzpatrick

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Timing of High-Risk Asthma Specialist Enrollment and Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Children.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026
    Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Leveraging artificial intelligence for the management of preschool wheeze: A narrative review.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Review
  12. Risk factors for asthma exacerbations.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Theresa W GuilbertDivision of Pulmonology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. Electronic address: Theresa.Guilbert@cchmc.org.
Leonard B BacharierDivision of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo.
Anne M FitzpatrickDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USEmory University · USSt. Louis Children's Hospital · US

Funding

Virus-Bacterial Interactions and Exacerba of AsthmaP01HL070831 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI GERN, JAMES E. · 2002 to 2017
$31.3M
AsthmaNet: UW-Madison Clinical and Translational Research CenterU10HL098090 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LEMANSKE, ROBERT F, SORKNESS, CHRISTINE ANNE · 2009 to 2015
$4.8M
Stability of Severe Asthma Phenotypes: Impact of ExacerbationsU10HL109168 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JARJOUR, NIZAR N · 2011 to 2016
$3.9M
Genetics of lung function and asthma severity in African AmericansR01NR013700 · NINR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI FITZPATRICK, ANNE MENTRO, MEYERS, DEBORAH A. · 2013 to 2017
$2.4M
Redox disturbances and corticosteroid responses in children with severe asthmaR01NR012021 · NINR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI FITZPATRICK, ANNE MENTRO · 2010 to 2014
$1.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL070831NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL098090NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109168NINR NIH HHS R01 NR012021NINR NIH HHS R01 NR013700PHS HHS DHHS FAB 20166PHS HHS NHLBI U10 HL098090PHS HHS T72 MC00008-20-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severe asthma in children is characterized by sustained symptoms despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids. Children with severe asthma may fall into 2 categories, difficult-to-treat asthma or severe therapy-resistant asthma. Difficult-to-treat asthma is defined as poor control due to an incorrect diagnosis or comorbidities, or poor adherence due to adverse psychological or environmental factors. In contrast, treatment resistant is defined as difficult asthma despite management of these factors. It is increasingly recognized that severe asthma is a highly heterogeneous disorder associated with a number of clinical and inflammatory phenotypes that have been described in children with severe asthma. Guideline-based drug therapy of severe childhood asthma is based primarily on extrapolated data from adult studies. The recommendation is that children with severe asthma be treated with higher-dose inhaled or oral corticosteroids combined with long-acting β-agonists and other add-on therapies, such as antileukotrienes and methylxanthines. It is important to identify and address the influences that make asthma difficult to control, including reviewing the diagnosis and removing causal or aggravating factors. Better definition of the phenotypes and better targeting of therapy based upon individual patient phenotypes is likely to improve asthma treatment in the future.

Indexed as

AsthmaAdolescentAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdultAnti-Asthmatic AgentsChildChild, PreschoolDiagnosis, DifferentialHumansLife StylePatient Education as TopicRespiratory Function TestsAdrenal Cortex HormonesAnti-Asthmatic AgentsChildhood difficult-to-treat asthmaChildhood severe asthmaChildhood severe asthma treatmentReviewSevere asthma phenotypes

Identifiers

PMID25213041
PMCPMC4589165
OpenAlexW2041272141

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.