Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2014
Process evaluation design in a cluster randomised controlled childhood obesity prevention trial: the WAVES study.
Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- What do we want to get out of this? a critical interpretive synthesis of the value of process evaluations, with a practical planning framework.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Pooled it
- School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Content Analysis of Classroom Teacher Professional Development in Nutrition Education Programs.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- An environmental physical activity and nutrition intervention in early childhood education and care settings: process evaluation of the NAPSACC UK multi-centre cluster RCT.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- A feasibility study with process evaluation of a teacher led resource to improve measures of child health.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6 and 7 year olds: cluster randomised controlled trial (WAVES study).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Trial
- Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved cluster randomised controlled trial in six European countries on four- to six-year-old children's steps per day: the ToyBox-study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Trial
- Process evaluation results of a cluster randomised controlled childhood obesity prevention trial: the WAVES study.BMC public health · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Testing an Integrated Model of Program Implementation: the Food, Health & Choices School-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention Process Evaluation.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2017Trial
- Examining reach, dose, and fidelity of the "Girls on the Move" after-school physical activity club: a process evaluation.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Intervention fidelity in a school-based diet and physical activity intervention in the UK: Active for Life Year 5.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2015Trial
- Acceptability of delivery modes for lifestyle advice in a large scale randomised controlled obesity prevention trial.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Methodology for evaluation of complex school-based health promotion interventions.Journal of public health policy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe implementation of a complex intervention is heavily influenced by individual context. Variation in implementation and tailoring of the intervention to the particular context will occur, even in a trial setting. It is recognised that in trials, evaluating the process of implementation of a complex intervention is important, yet process evaluation methods are rarely reported. The WAVES study is a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an obesity prevention intervention programme targeting children aged 6-7 years, delivered by teachers in primary schools across the West Midlands, UK. The intervention promoted activities encouraging physical activity and healthy eating. This paper presents the methods used to assess implementation of the intervention.
methodsPrevious literature was used to identify the dimensions of intervention process and implementation to be assessed, including adherence, exposure, quality of delivery, participant responsiveness, context, and programme differentiation.
resultsMultiple methods and tools were developed to capture information on all these dimensions. These included observations, logbooks, qualitative evaluation, questionnaires and research team reflection. DISCUSSION: Data collection posed several challenges, predominantly when relying on teachers to complete paperwork, which they saw as burdensome on top of their teaching responsibilities. However, the use of multiple methods helped to ensure data on each dimension, where possible, was collected using more than one method. This also allowed for triangulation of the findings when several data sources on any one dimension were available.
conclusionsWe have reported a comprehensive approach to the assessment of the implementation and processes of a complex childhood obesity prevention intervention within a cluster randomised controlled trial. These approaches can be transferred and adapted for use in other complex intervention trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN97000586.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.