ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014
Frequency and characteristics associated with exposure to tobacco direct mail marketing and its prospective effect on smoking behaviors among young adults from the US Midwest.
Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tobacco Couponing: A Systematic Review of Exposures and Effects on Tobacco Initiation and Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased receipt of commercial tobacco discount coupons among US adults who use commercial tobacco.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Exposure to nicotine pouch marketing and nicotine pouch experimentation among U.S. adults who use commercial tobacco.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Cumulative Exposure to E-Cigarette Coupons and Changes in E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices.Evaluation review · 2023Article
- Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Smoking Relapse by Duration of Smoking Abstinence.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- The Short-Term and Long-Term Associations Between Receiving Tobacco Discounts or Coupons and Smoking Cessation Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers With Intention to Quit.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Cigarette Packs With URLs Leading to Tobacco Company Websites: Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
- Exposure to Multimedia Tobacco Marketing and Product Use Among Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Association between free tobacco product sample receipt and tobacco use in youth and adults in the PATH Study, 2014-2016.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Association of Educational Attainment and Race/Ethnicity With Exposure to Tobacco Advertisement Among US Young Adults.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Receipt of direct tobacco mail/email coupons and coupon redemption: Demographic and socioeconomic disparities among adult smokers in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Recalled Exposure to and Self-Reported Impact of Tobacco Marketing and Promotions.Health communication · 2019Article
- Sales Trends in Price-Discounted Cigarettes, Large Cigars, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos-United States, 2011-2016.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Receipt of Tobacco Direct Mail Coupons and Changes in Smoking Status in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Evaluating receipt of and inability to discontinue tobacco industry direct mail.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Receipt of tobacco direct mail/email discount coupons and trajectories of cigarette smoking behaviours in a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of US adults.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Banning tobacco price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behaviour: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country (ITC 4C) Survey.Tobacco control · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe examined the exposure to tobacco direct mail marketing and its effect on subsequent smoking behaviors in a US Midwest regional cohort of young adults.
methodsData were collected from 2622 young adults (mean age = 24 years) in 2010 to 2011 (baseline) and 2011 to 2012 (follow-up). We collected information on demographics, tobacco use, and exposure to tobacco direct mail materials in the previous 6 months at baseline. Smoking behaviors were reassessed at follow-up. We investigated the characteristics associated with receiving these materials at baseline, and the associations between receiving cigarette coupons in the mail at baseline and smoking behaviors at follow-up.
resultsThirteen percent of participants reported receiving tobacco direct mail materials in the previous 6 months. Receipt of these materials was associated with age, education, and tobacco use (P < .05). Among those who received these materials, 77% and 56% reported receiving coupons for cigarettes and other tobacco products, respectively. Among baseline nonsmokers and ex-smokers, receiving coupons was associated with becoming current smokers at follow-up (P < .05). Among baseline current smokers, receiving coupons was associated with lower likelihood of smoking cessation at follow-up (P < .05).
conclusionsTobacco direct mail marketing promoted and sustained smoking behaviors among US Midwest young adults. Regulating this marketing strategy might reduce the prevalence of smoking in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.