SynthesisAmerican journal of public health2014
Nonmedical exemptions from school immunization requirements: a systematic review.
Synthesis in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Pooled it
- Partisan differences in childhood measles vaccination and general refusals: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records in the United States, 1988-2024.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Factors associated with healthcare personnel uptake of updated COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents in a Tribal Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ormanjhi, Jharkhand.Cureus · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Review
- The Synergistic Health Threats of State Laws Targeting Marginalized Groups in the United States.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Perspectives of Parents, School Nurses, and Pediatricians on Vaccine Hesitancy in St Louis County, Missouri.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2024Article
- Understanding the factors that shape vaccination ecosystem resilience: a qualitative assessment of international expert experiences and perspectives.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Advocate to vaccinate: moving away from the "politics" of vaccination.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Underimmunization of very low birth weight infants at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Methods of Current Practice: Qualitative Analysis of Intervention Strategies Utilized by Vaccine Waiver Educators in Michigan.Policy, politics & nursing practice · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- The Long-Term Success of Mandatory Vaccination Laws After Implementing the First Vaccination Campaign in 19th Century Rural Finland.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Towards Eliminating Nonmedical Vaccination Exemptions Among School-Age Children.Delaware journal of public health · 2022Article
- A qualitative study of the views of healthcare professionals on providing vaccines information to patients.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2021Article
- Article
- The role of epidemiology in informing United States childhood immunization policy and practice.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Vaccination ethics.British medical bulletin · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We summarized studies describing the prevalence of, trends in, and correlates of nonmedical exemptions from school vaccination mandates and the association of these policies with the incidence of vaccine-preventable disease. We searched 4 electronic databases for empirical studies published from 1997 to 2013 to capture exemption dynamics and qualitatively abstracted and synthesized the results. Findings from 42 studies suggest that exemption rates are increasing and occur in clusters; most exemptors questioned vaccine safety, although some exempted out of convenience. Easier state-level exemption procedures increase exemption rates and both individual and community disease risk. State laws influence exemption rates, but policy implementation, exemptors' vaccination status, and underlying mechanisms of geographical clustering need to be examined further to tailor specific interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.