ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Evolution of plastic transmission strategies in avian malaria.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plastic responses ofBiology letters · 2025Article
- Different age, different blood parasites -International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Review
- Timing matters: exploring emergence patterns of two species of trematode furcocercariae from their snail hosts.Folia parasitologica · 2025Article
- Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds rid themselves of haemoparasite infections when breeding in the temperate zone.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Infection length and host environment influence on Plasmodium falciparum dry season reservoir.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production correlates with genetic markers of parasite replication but is not influenced by experimental exposure to mosquito biting.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Host Phenology Can Select for Multiple Stable Parasite Virulence Strategies in Obligate Killer Parasites.The American naturalist · 2023Article
- Evolution of class-structured populations in periodic environments.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Article
- Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with TwoAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Review
- Temperate climate malaria in nineteenth century Denmark.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria ParasiteMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- The private life of malaria parasites: Strategies for sexual reproduction.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2021Review
- Odour of domestic dogs infected with Leishmania infantum is attractive to female but not male sand flies: Evidence for parasite manipulation.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Increased circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum underlies persistent asymptomatic infection in the dry season.Nature medicine · 2020Article
- Last-come, best served? Mosquito biting order andProceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- The endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) population is exposed to local haemosporidian parasites.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Penguins are competent hosts of Haemoproteus parasites: the first detection of gametocytes, with molecular characterization of Haemoproteus larae.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- ADP binding by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito D7 salivary protein enhances blood feeding on mammals.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malaria parasites have been shown to adjust their life history traits to changing environmental conditions. Parasite relapses and recrudescences--marked increases in blood parasite numbers following a period when the parasite was either absent or present at very low levels in the blood, respectively--are expected to be part of such adaptive plastic strategies. Here, we first present a theoretical model that analyses the evolution of transmission strategies in fluctuating seasonal environments and we show that relapses may be adaptive if they are concomitant with the presence of mosquitoes in the vicinity of the host. We then experimentally test the hypothesis that Plasmodium parasites can respond to the presence of vectors. For this purpose, we repeatedly exposed birds infected by the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum to the bites of uninfected females of its natural vector, the mosquito Culex pipiens, at three different stages of the infection: acute (∼ 34 days post infection), early chronic (∼ 122 dpi) and late chronic (∼ 291 dpi). We show that: (i) mosquito-exposed birds have significantly higher blood parasitaemia than control unexposed birds during the chronic stages of the infection and that (ii) this translates into significantly higher infection prevalence in the mosquito. Our results demonstrate the ability of Plasmodium relictum to maximize their transmission by adopting plastic life history strategies in response to the availability of insect vectors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.