SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2014
Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between blood lipid levels and the risk of liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Pooled it
- Application of causal inference methods in individual-participant data meta-analyses in medicine: addressing data handling and reporting gaps with new proposed reporting guidelines.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls.International journal of cancer · 2018Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Reveals an Association between Circulating Levels of IGF-I and Prostate Cancer Risk.Cancer research · 2016Pooled it
- Prospective serum metabolomic profiling of lethal prostate cancer.International journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Serum metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.British journal of cancer · 2016Trial
- Association between Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Intraprostatic Inflammation in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2015Trial
- Cross-population metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study of prostate cancer risk.Research square · 2026Article
- Associations of plasma omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with overall and 19 site-specific cancers: A population-based cohort study in UK Biobank.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Circulating trans fatty acids are associated with prostate cancer in Ghanaian and American men.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Relationship between 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as Systemic Biomarker of Lipid Peroxidation and Metabolomic Profiling of Patients with Prostate Cancer.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of Microalgae-Derived N-3 PUFA.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Spline Analysis of Biomarker Data Pooled from Multiple Matched/Nested Case-Control Studies.Cancers · 2022Article
- Dairy products and the risk of developing prostate cancer: A large-scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Statistical methods for analysis of combined biomarker data from multiple nested case-control studies.Statistical methods in medical research · 2021Article
- Using Genetic Variants to Evaluate the Causal Effect of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Dietary fat intake, erythrocyte fatty acids, and risk of uterine fibroids.Fertility and sterility · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Francesca L CroweCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Paul N ApplebyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Ruth C TravisCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Matt BarnettCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Theodore M BraskyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
H Bas Bueno-de-MesquitaCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Veronique ChajesCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Jorge E ChavarroCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Maria-Dolores ChirlaqueCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Dallas R EnglishCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Robert A GibsonCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Graham G GilesCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Gary E GoodmanCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Susanne M HenningCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Rudolf KaaksCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Irena B KingCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Lawrence N KolonelCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Alan R KristalCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Marian L NeuhouserCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Song-Yi ParkCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Gianluca SeveriCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Afshan SiddiqCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Meir J StampferCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Pär StattinCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Catherine M TangenCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Anne TjønnelandCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Dimitrios TrichopoulosCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Rosario TuminoCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Lynne R WilkensCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Timothy J KeyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Naomi E AllenCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NLFred Hutch Cancer Center · USUniversity of Oxford · GBImperial College London · GBCancer Council Victoria · AUDanish Cancer Society · DKHarvard University Press · USRegional Health · USUniversity of Adelaide · AUUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · US
Funding
SWOG Foreign AccrualsU10CA037429 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI BLANKE, CHARLES D., MEYSKENS, FRANK L. · 1985 to 2014
$205.2MSWOG NCORP Research BaseUG1CA189974 · NCI · THE HOPE FOUNDATION · PI CHARLES D. BLANKE, DAWN HERSHMAN · 2014 to 2026
$80.6MUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center CCSGP30CA071789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI GERTRAUD MASKARINEC · 1996 to 2026
$56.2MTumor and Circulating Markers as Links Between Obesity and Lethal Prostate CanceP50CA090381 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE · PI KANTOFF, PHILIP W · 2002 to 2017
$36.2MTransgenic CoreP30DK046200 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI CORKEY, BARBARA E. · 1992 to 2021
$25.0MPhysicians' Health Study II: Prevention Trial of VitaminsR01CA097193 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI GAZIANO, J. MICHAEL · 2002 to 2011
$15.7MTHE CAROTENE AND RETINOL EFFICACY TRIAL (CARET)U01CA063673 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GOODMAN, GARY E · 1994 to 2006
$13.0MSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program - Fred HutchN01PC35142 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI VAUGHAN, THOMAS · 2007 to 2009
$9.9MSleep Duration, Childhood Energy Balance, and Insulin Resistance in AdolescenceU54CA155626 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI STAMPFER, MEIR · 2011 to 2015
$9.6MNUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY MARKERS OF CANCER AND MIR01CA042182 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI MA, JING · 1986 to 2007
$5.3MPCPT and SELECT cohorts: Core Infrastructure Support for Cancer Research UM1CA182883 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI TANGEN, CATHERINE M., THOMPSON, IAN M. · 2013 to 2017
$5.2MHormones and Cytokines in CaP risk and recurrenceR01CA058684 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI STAMPFER, MEIR · 1993 to 2006
$4.8MCancer Research UK 16491Cancer Research UK C570/A11691NCI NIH HHS 1U54CA155626-01NCI NIH HHS CA131945NCI NIH HHS CA141298NCI NIH HHS CA34944NCI NIH HHS CA37429NCI NIH HHS CA40360NCI NIH HHS CA42182NCI NIH HHS CA58684NCI NIH HHS CA90598NCI NIH HHS CA97193NCI NIH HHS N01PC35142NCI NIH HHS P30 CA071789NCI NIH HHS P50CA90381NCI NIH HHS R01CA96789NCI NIH HHS U01CA63673NCI NIH HHS U10 CA037429NCI NIH HHS UG1 CA189974NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA167462NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182883NHLBI NIH HHS HL26490NHLBI NIH HHS HL34595NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK046200NIDDK NIH HHS P30DK046200World Health Organization 001
Abstract
backgroundIndividual studies have suggested that some circulating fatty acids are associated with prostate cancer risk, but have not been large enough to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by stage and grade of disease.
methodsPrincipal investigators of prospective studies on circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer were invited to collaborate. Investigators provided individual participant data on circulating fatty acids (weight percent) and other characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls. Prostate cancer risk by study-specific fifths of 14 fatty acids was estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsFive thousand and ninety-eight case patients and 6649 control patients from seven studies with an average follow-up of 5.1 (SD = 3.3) years were included. Stearic acid (18:0) was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] Q5 vs Q1 = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 1.00, P trend = .043). Prostate cancer risk was, respectively, 14% and 16% greater in the highest fifth of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.29, Ptrend = .001) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.33, P trend = .003), but in each case there was heterogeneity between studies (P = .022 and P < .001, respectively). There was heterogeneity in the association between docosapentaenoic acid and prostate cancer by grade of disease (P = .006); the association was statistically significant for low-grade disease but not high-grade disease. The remaining 11 fatty acids were not statistically associated with total prostate cancer risk.
conclusionThere was no strong evidence that circulating fatty acids are important predictors of prostate cancer risk. It is not clear whether the modest associations of stearic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acid are causal.
Indexed as
AgedCase-Control StudiesEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty AcidsFatty Acids, UnsaturatedHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioProspective StudiesProstatic NeoplasmsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsStearic Acidsdocosapentaenoic acidEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty AcidsFatty Acids, Unsaturatedstearic acidStearic Acids
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.